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Entered accOTcling to act pf Congress, in 1874, by William Syckelmoore, in he office of the Librarian of Congress.Washington. ^ J^^vt^, 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



Halioweii Select High School, 



FOR 



log. lii 1 114 lOif 1 Illf 1 aTlllT, flIMilLill4» 
GEORGE EASTBURN, M. A. . . Principal. 

JOSEPH THOMAS, LL.D., . .. . . - Lecturer on History. 



Rooms tmsurpasscd for comfort and neatness. 

EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF APPARATUS AND CABINETS USED IN 

ILLUSTRATION. GYMNASIUxM. 
Careful supervision in every department by the Principal. Reports monthly. Semi- 
annual examinations. 
Catalogues may be obtained by addressing the Principal. Visitors to witness the 
operation of the school always welcome. 



■ National School - 

; " ' OF " " 

i@. 1418 mmmm %mm% tiiiAiiuiiA. 

J. W. SHOEMAKER, A. M'f Principal. 

Mrs. J. W. SHOEMAKER, Associate Principal. 
- - J. H BE CHTEL, Secretary. 

■ , CLASS -AND PRIYATE IMSTRUCTIOH. 

^^ Send for Catalogue and Prospectus. ^ 

^HE INTEYNATIONAL EXHIBITION 

To be. hekl in Philadelphia, will, among other great events, honor the day 
on which General George Washington capcared Lord CornwalUs and the Biitish 
forces at Yorktown. The news of' that event reached Philadelphia a few days after 
the occurrence of the viofory, and the particulars were published in a weekly jiaper at 
thr.t time issued in Philadelphia, called 

THE FRE.EMAN'S JOURNAL. 

The paper containing fidl particulars of that event, a facsr.nd- of that puliji 
nearly a century since has been produced. The style is a copy of the originakW 
contains Washington's Letters to Congress, .detailing the victory. A copy will bl 
post free to any address, on receipt of ten cents by the publisher, 

WM. SYCKEIiMOORB, 506 Minor Street, Philadelphia. 





ft 




AND-KooK OF Philadelphia. 



L-HISTORICAL. 




GENERAL VIEW— LANDING OF WILLIAM PENN— THE EARLY 

COLONISTS— THE FIRST HOUSES— PLAN OF THE 

CITY— THE PENN TREATY. 

HILADELPHIA is now a city of nearly two centuries growth, occupying 
the second place in the list of great cities of the United States, and classed 
as the sixth metropolis of the civilized world. It is a city clustered with 
memories dear to every American heart, for here went forth, in mingled doubt and 
hope, the immortal " Declaration of Independence," and here occurred the most con- 
spicuous events of that stirring time which tried men's souls. Through her extensive 
commerce, which is again glistening on every sea, and her incomparable industries, 
embracing every conceivable application of mechanical skill, her name and fame have 
been carried to all the boundaries of civilization. She has long been celebrated for 
the number and variety of her pleasant homes ; for her miles of rectangles of solid 
buildings ; her fine thoroughfares, decorated by many of the choicest specimens of 
f .rchitecture ; her varied and extensive art collections, her libraries, — some fragrant 
with the reminiscences of an hundred years, — and her charities which greet the eye 
at every turn ; her educational facilities, especially in the natural and physical sciences; 
and finally for her delightful location, with two grand rivers running at her feet, and 
in the very garden of the Republic. The banks of the Delaware, which was called, 
in the soft and euphonious Indian tongue, both Arasapha and Coaquanock, were 
sparsely settled some time anterior to the arrival of Penn's colony ; but not above 
Chester. Penn, however, went farther to the north, and pitched upon the peninsula, 
with which he was enraptured, as the site of the " great towne." The discovery of 
the river was made by Hudson, in 1609. In the following year the bay was visited by 
Lord De La Ware, Governor of Virginia, and from him the river derives its present 
name. History tells us that the founding of the Province of Pennsylvania 
was confirmed toPennunder the Great Seal of England, on the 5th of January, 16S1, 
and that immediately he took every step to allure the capitalists of London to settle 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



this terra incognita. These concessions, we may infer, were extraordinary, for the 
" Society of Free Traders " were induced to purchase, for four hundred pounds, the 
entire street, (now Spruce) from river to river, with all the lots situated thereon. The 
first colony of adventurous pioneers, principally of Friends, to this land, left England 
in the summer of 1681, in three ships. The first arrival was by the ship John and 
Sarah, Captain Smith ; the Amity was carried, in a terrific gale, to the West Indies, 
and did not land her crew until the following spring; and the Factor arrived late in 
the season, and remained below the future city during the entire winter, embedded in 
the ice. The little colony brought up by the John and Sarah suffered extreme dis- 
tress and privation for a time. They burrowed into the bluff which ran along the 
Delaware, making their homes in caves, and securing scanty existence by the aid of 
the fifle and the rod. The future site of the city was then an almost interminable 
wilderness, with here and there an Indian path, or an opening whose blackened turf 
told where a daring trapper had pitched his tent. The founder did not set sail until 
August, 1682. He came in the ship /^^/ffw^, having previously despatched William 
Markham as governor of the colony, with instructions to make the needful preparations 
for him upon his arrival. To this end the finer parts of the frame-work required in 
the construction of his cottage in Laetitia Court were sent out with Markham, and the 
building was erected on a spot which the founder was led to consider the most pictur- 
esque in the vicinity. This venerable structure, raised nearly two hundred years ago, 
still remains with but the merest semblance of its former self. It stands in a court 
penetrating the heart of a square bounded by Front, Second, Chestnut and Market 
Streets. Where once there was a charming vista through noble elms to the brow of the 
bluff which overlooked the shining Delaware, and on either hand finely graded lawns, 
great warehouses are now crowded together, towering far above the modest little 
structure. It was 

THE FIRST BRICK BUILDING 

raised in Philadelphia, and was, in its time, regarded as a marvel in the wilds of 
America; but to-day it is surrounded by a progeny of giants. Where erst there 
reigned the calm, unobtrusive life of a country seat, there is now the continued crush 
and turmoil incident to a great mercantile traffic. The antique building has been 

modernized into a sluggish-looking hostelrie, with 
sanded floor and glistening bar, and its sign 
«' William Penn Hotel," is the only feature which, 
by contrast, suggests any idea of its departed gran- 
deur. When Penn, upon his second visit in 1699, 
lodged in the slate roof house in Second Street, he 
made a present of his former residence to his 
daughter, Laetitia, " who, being a single woman 
PENN s FIRST RESIDENCE. and having no particular use for it," gave it up for 

colonial purposes. The founder, arriving at New Castle, in 1682, proceeded at once 
to Upland, in Delaware County, where the Great Law of Pennsylvania was framed. 
Thence he came up the Delaware in an open boat, landing at the " Blue Anchor 




Historical. 8 

Tavern," which stood at the mouth of a little creek, long since filled up, and on a site 
which corresponds to the present intersection of Dock and Front Streets. This tavern 
is believed to have been 

THE FIRST BUILDING ERECTED IN THIS CITY. 

Once arrived, he devoted himself assiduously to complete his chosen task. He as- 
serted his object in these words : " I took charge of the Province of Pennsylvania for 
the Lord's sake. I wanted to afford an asylum to the good and oppressed of every 
nation, and to frame a government which might be an example. I desired to show 
men as free and happy as they could be ; and I had kind views to the Indians." He 
signalled the completion of his labors in this vein : " Philadelphia is at last laid out- 
Of all the many places I have seen in the world I remember not one better seated ; 
so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a town, whether we regard the two 
rivers, or the conveniency of the caves, docks, springs, or the loftiness and soundness 
of the land and air." The city, as planned by Penn, surveyed by Thomas Holmes, 
and incorporated in ttie original charter, extended from river to river, and from Cedar 
or what is now South street, to Vine Street. This rectangle was quadrated by two 
magnificent thoroughfares, easily recognizable to-day in Market and Broad Streets, 
having at their intersection a large open area called Centre Square, upon which the 
new City Hall is now being erected. Each section formed by the interlacing of these 
two broad avenues was allotted its square. These four squares, Washington, Ritten- 
house, Logan and Franklin, — taking the names of historic personages, — fonn to-day 
the pleasantest of our intramural resorts. Penn's original thought was to preserve a 
clear view of the Delaware from the bluff, — on the present line of Front Street, — by 
preventing the construction of buildings east of it, desiring that the hill should be 
crowned with a grand walk with lawns and flower gardens flowing from it to the 
water's edge. The project was aesthetic, and its achievement would have been highly 
picturesque ; but Commerce, — which has no eye for landscape gardening, nor a single 
emotion for beauty, — claimed this fringe of land beneath this bluff as de jure her own, 
and filled it in a few years with range upon range of massive storehouses. The full 
scope of the foundei-'s conception outlined a perfect Utopia, and his primitive ideas 
concerning it may be found in all of his letters of instruction to his lociun tenens, 
Markham. In one of them he said : " Let every house be placed, if ye person pleases, 
in ye middle of its platt, as to breadthway even, that so there may be ground on each 
side for gardens, or orchards, or fields, yt it may be a greene country towne which 
will not be burned up, and always be wholsom." 

In selecting a title for the city, Penn found in " Philadelphia " a word which em- 
bodied in its inherent meaning the principles he had at heart. It was no arbitrary 
term, but implied, as the original in Greek has been translated, 

" BROTHERLY LOVE." 

He called the city after the ancient metropolis of Asia Minor, over the portal of whose 
time-honored temple was inscribed : " I have set before thee an open door, and no man 
may shut it." 

If the relic-hunter, in his search through the metropolis of to-day, will direct his 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



steps to Kensington, along the busy river front, he will find at Beach and Hanover 
Streets, surrounded by piles of lumber, and in a sadly neglected condition, 

A SIMPLE OBELISK UPON A GRANITE PEDESTAL, ■ 

nestling under the shade of a tree which is believed to be a lineal descendant of the 
famous old elm. On this spot Penn made his memorable treaty with the Indians and 
cemented a friendship which, between the prosterity of both, has never been broken. 
Here, beneath the great old elm, which had seen the storms and sunshine of three cen- 
turies, the wampun of lasting peace passed from the red hand to the white, and is yet 
to be seen carefully preserved among the many invaluable relics in the possession of 
the Pennsylvania Historical Society. The simple shaft which commemorates this 
event is thus inscribed : — 



Treaty Ground 

of 

WiLLiA M Penn 

and the 

Indian Nation, 



William Penn, 
Born, 1644. 
Died, 1718. 



Unbroken Faith. 
The old tree was blown down in 1810. 



Placed by the 

Penn Society, 

A. D., 1827, 

to mark the site 

of the 

Great Elna Tree. 



Pennsylvania 

founded 

1681, 

By deeds of Peace. 



II.-TOPOGRAPHICAL. 




HILADELPHIA, situated upon a magnificent estuary, easily navigable to 
the heaviest merchant vessels, occupying a position rich in every natural 
attraction, grew steadily until the limits fixed in the original charter had 
been over-leaped, and the sections beyond were filled with fine residences, and became 
independent municipal districts. 

CONSOLIDATION. 
By act of Assembly of January ist, 1854, the boundaries of the city, which up to 
that time were only from Vine to South Streets, and from river to river, were enlarged 
to embrace all the suburbs and districts of Philadelphia County. This^county, — one 
of the three originally established by Penn, — extended in 1682-3 indefinitely to the north- 
west, having contiguous to it Chester and Bucks. Up to the year 1784 it included 
Montgomery County within its limits ; but it extends now along the Delaware from 
Darby Creek to Poquesink Creek, and is bounded on the northeast by Bucks County, 
on the northwest by Montgomery County, and on the southwest by Delaware County. 

AREA OF THE CITY. 

Within these limits Philadelphia has a superficial area of 1291^ square miles, or 
about 83,000 square acres, with an extreme length of 23 J-^ miles, and average breadth 
of 5^ miles. Among the principal creeks which flow from it into the large rivers 
are Pennypack, Poquesink, Frankford, Darby, Cobbs and Wissahickon ; regarding the 
latter of which romancists have woven strange legends. These streams afford a con- 
siderable water power, and are therefore lined by many industrial establishments. In 
topography, the northern and southern sections are strongly contrasted, the former 
being finely diversified by hill and dale, and the latter presenting extensive ranges of 



Topographical. 5 

rich meadows, which, by the erection of costly levees, have been secured from inunda- 
tion by the rising of the Delaware and Schuylkill. Philadelphia has not grown up in 
a hap-hazard sort of a way, but has enjoyed 

A STEADY PROGRESSION, 

and its comparative regularity is traceable to that system which was adopted nearly 
two hundred years ago. 

ITS POPULATION 

in 17S0, was 30,000; in 1S40, 222,133, ^'^'^ '^^ i^ estimated now at 800,000. The as- 
sessed valuation of taxable property is six hundred millions, providing an income an. 
nually of ten millions for municipal purposes. ^ 

It has over six hundred miles of paved streets, lighted by ten thousand lamps, and 
underlaid by one thousand miles of gas and water mains, from which flow forty million 
gallons of water daily, and the illuminating power for one million gas burners. Phila- 
delphia is peculiarly 

A CITY OF HOMES, 

and surpasses every other municipality in its conveniencies for the people who inhabit 
it. Of its 140,000 buildings, all but ten thousand are dwelling houses, a total which is 
more than equal to the combined number of dwellings in Baltimore, St. Louis, Boston 
and Louisville, according to their returns in 1S70; and of this number, sixty thousand 
are the homes of mechanics. 

APPEARANCE OF THE STREETS. 

These dwellings, mobilized into solid blocks, succeed each other for miles, present- 
ing a uniform line of pressed brick fronts, with white shutters and marble steps. 
Within they exhibit pleasing pictures of comfort, having upon the first floor a parlor, 
dming room and kitchen, with usually a summer kitchen in the rear ; upon the second 
floor two chambers, a sitting room and a bath, and on the third floor two spare rooms. 
In all of them the water service is introduced, and the majority are lighted by gas. 
The growth of the city is at the rate of more than six thousand buildings annually. 
The monotony of her former style of architecture is yielding noticeably to the impulse 
of a general progress, and the structures are becoming more attractive to the eye ex- 
teriorly without subtracting from that elegance and comfort which have always char- 
acterized the interior of her private dwellings. 

THE MAIN THOROUGHFARES 

are now decorated with many of the noblest specimens of modern architecture and 
many of the finest imitations of the classic temples of antiquity. Threading these 
thoroughfares are miles upon miles of railroad tracks, traversed by nearly two thousand 
cars, carrying annually sixty-six million passengers, who pay in fares above four million 
dollars. 

THE ADVANTAGES OF PHILADELPHIA, 

as a place of residence, are manifold alike to the capitalist and artisan. It abounds in 
industries, in rare facilities for artistic and technical culture ; and its climate is favoi-- 
able to vigor of mind and health of body. It is a city where the patriot, the philan- 
thropist, the philosopher and the artisan will find much to be proud of; a city whose 
crowded attractions cannot be fathomed at one glance. 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

III.-THE CENTRE OF THE CITY. 




ENN'S design contemplated two grand highways, which to-day are realized 
in Broad and Market Streets. The former, stretching ten miles from 
League Island north, is gradually assuming the attractions of a magnificent 
drive and promenade, while the latter, running direct from river to river, has been 
made the channel for a great mercantile traffic. At the intersection of the two, were 
formerly four fine squares, which, in the early history of the city composed Centre 
Square. Upon this site 




THE NEW CITY HALL, 
which will occupy in its completion six years, at an aggregate outlay of over ten mil 
lion dollars, is being erected. The present municipal departments, in apartments in- 
adequate to their necessities, are clustered in and about the venerable State House. The 
structure now being raised at Broad and Market, which is to be admirable in its orna- 
ments and of massive dignity, is to harbor them all for years to come. It is to be 470 
feet from east to west, and 486^ feet from north to south, covering an area, exclusive 
of the court-yard, of nearly four and a half acres. It will be larger than any single build- 
ing on this continent. The superstructure will consist of a basement story, 18 feet in 
height, a principal story of 36 feet, a third story of 31 feet, and another formed by the 
mansard roof of 15 feet. These several stories will be approached by four large ele- 
vators placed at the intersections of the leading corridors. In addition to these means 
of access there will be a grand staircase in each of the four corners of the building, 
and one in each of the centre pavilions of the four fronts. The entire structure will 
contain five hundred and twenty rooms, of suitable dimensions and fitted with every 
possible convenience, including heat, light and ventilation, and the whole to-'be ren- 
dered indestfuctable by fire. From the north front, which looks up Broad Street, will 
rise a massive and finely decorated tower, surmounted by an immense dome, the apex 
of which will be at a height of nearly three hundred feet from the pavement. Each 
front, which will be imposing in elevation and ornament, will be relieved by centre 
pavilions running the entire height, and supported by marble pillars and pilasters. 



East Market Street. 




The entrances to the court-yard will be through massive central arches. The external 
walls are to be of white marble, and the walls facing the yard a light blue marble, the 
architectural effect of which will be pleasing in the highest degree. 

ONE OF THE FINEST MARKETS IN THE CITY 

will be found at the corner of Twelfth Street. It is constructed in a handsome and 
durable manner, and is un- 
usually convenient in its in- 
ternal arrangements. Phila- 
delphia is rich in luxurious 
markets, which are daily filled 
with the freshest country pro- 
duce. The old system of 
street market sheds is gradu- 
ally losing life, and ere long 
the last vestige of this un- 
sightly obstruction to some of 
the finest streets in our city intekior view of market house. 

will have, most happily, disappeared. At the southwest corner of Front and Market 
Streets will be found — though in view of recent improvements, it will be somewhat 
difficult to identify it now, — a relic of ante-revolutionary times. It is a remnant of a 
building known as " The London Coffee House," scarcely a stone's throw from Penn's 
old cottage, and is said to have been erected in 1702, by Charles Reed, who obtained 
the grant of land, on which it is situated, from Laetitia Penn. In the year of 1754 it 
was opened as a coffee house, by William Bradford, printer, and, as such, became very 
popular. Here the chief Executive of the new Commonwealth, with all the legal 
and municipal dignitaries, the merchants and ladies of fashion, were wont to assemble 
by day and night to sip the fragrant Java. It became in time the chief centre of local 
interest. It attracted, as an old historian tells us, " all the 
genteel strangers who came to the great town." The gen- 
eral parades usually took place in front of it, and there were 
daily vendues of horses, carriages, groceries and real-estate 
before its doors ; and in the centre of High Street, just op- 
posite it, was the mart where barters were made of human 
beings. There is little now to remind the spectator of the 
venerable coffee house, save the high-pitched hip-roof, the 
antique cornice and a slight remnant of the antique brick- 
work. There stood in the centre of Market Street, with its 

face to Second, a fine building, which was erected early in london coffee house. 
in the last century. Here, before the State House was constructed, the Colonial As- 
sembly and the Municipal and Colonial Courts were held. Franklin here began to 
make himself conspicuous ; and, from its balcony, "Whitfield addressed admiring thou- 
sands, and his powerful voice, it is said, " was heard, on such occasions, even as far 
as the shipping in the river." This structure has long since disappeared. 




8 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



Passing westward on Market Street, we find, among other palatial stores, vei-y 
prominently looming up above the others, the far-famed " Tower Hall," an establish- 
ment owned by Bennett & Co., retail clothiers. Thirty years ago the retail clothing 
trade of Philadelphia consisted of a few shops for the vending of coarse, ill-made gar- 
ments for men's wear. These places were located on the waterside, and their patrons 
were principally sailors. In the year 1844 it occurred to one Joseph M. Bennett to 
invest his slender capital in the making and vending of ready-made clothing of the 
best quality. The enterprise was pooh-poohed. But Mr. Bennett was a determined 
person, and, with an unparalleled audacity, he put his eccentric ideas into practice at 

No. 192 Market Street. Customers came in 
goodly numbers, and a second store was 
opened at No. 182, in the same square, next 
door below the present site of Tower Hall, 
by the restless innovator. He erected a showy 
wooden front at the pioneer establishment. 
This attracted universal attention, and drew 
forth no end of predictions that the business 
could not bear up under such reckless ex- 
travagance -as this, and that a financial smash 
would bury in oblivion the pioneer retail 
clothier. To the surprise of the prophets, 
the bustling shop and its showy front stimu- 
lated trade, and enabled the proprietor to 
purchase a lot upon which the present building 
known as Tower Hall, was erected — a build- 
ing planned specially for the manufacture and 
sale of clothing to the wearers direct. In 
1856 the new building was occupied. Two 
hundred thousand garments per annum are 
now made and sold by Bennett & Company. 
Twenty-five cutters are employed every work- 
ing day in the year to clip into shape the 
cloth required for the vast avalanche of clothing which is constantly poured upon the 
shelves of this establishment, by the great working corps of tailors and tailoresses. 
How many of these tailors and tailoresses are employed cannot be stated with anything 
like accuracy. Bennett & Co. furnish work to six hundred and eighty-five differer.t 
sewers. Many of these are allotted much more work than one person can possibly do 
in the time allowed, These parties in turn engage others to sew for them, and, in 
some instances, carry on quite extensive tailoring establishments. Three of the spa- 
cious floors, extending the full depth of the building from Market to Minor street, are 
fitted up as salesrooms. These extensive apartments are arranged in a style combining 
substantial elegance with every possible convenience. Around the sides of each of 
these floors run spacious cases, surmounted with busts of authors, artists and statesmen 




TOWER HALL. 



J. 



East Market Street. 



9 



Upon the spot where once stood the dwelling of Robert Morris, the illustrious 
Revolutionary Financier, and the Presidential Mansion of Washington and Adams, now 
stands Oak Hall, the largest Clothing House in America. 




In the spring of 1861, Wanamaker & Brown began the manufacture and sale of 
only Best-Class All-Wool Ready-Made Clothing, occupying at first but a small portion 
of the corner store at Sixth and Market sts. The sales of the opening day (April 
8th) amounted to $24.67. The business for the first twelve-month showed a total of 
124,125.62. Now the annual sales are counted by millions. So great and so steady 
has been the increase of business that every year has been marked by some enlarge- 
ment of the premises, until at present the Colossal Buildings cover an area of 67 feet 
front, on Market, by 180 feet in depth, on Sixth, to Minor street. 

Among the various causes of success we note : — 
A strict application to business in all its departments ; 
Meeting the wants and wishes of the People ; 
Making up Reliable Goods in a Reliable Manner ; 
Buying enormous invoices of materials direct from mill-owners and importers, many 

of whom have been compelled to " close out," at great sacrifices. 
Keeping constantly in store an immense assortment of styles, sizes, shapes, and colors ; 
Letting the people know all about the advantages of purchasing at Oak Hall ; 
Making courtesy the rule of the House, and giving entire satisfaction. 

And still later, the adoption of the Four Cardinal Points, viz.: 

One Price, Cash Payment, Money Returned, and Full Guarantee. 

With the facilities enjoyed by this "Popular Clothing House," and the system of 
exactness that marks the management of the entire business, it is no wonder that 
the name of Wanamaker & Brown 

has become familiar not only in every American household, but throughout the world. 



10 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 

At the comer of Eleventh Street will be found the Bingham Hotel, a large 
and well kept caravansery and a great favorite with travellers, and from this point to 
the edge of the Delaware there rise, in rapid succession, iron, stone and marble whole- 
sale houses, many of which transact an annual business of over five million dollars. 
Conspicuous among these are the publication houses of Claxton, Remsen & HafFel- 
finger and J. B. Lippincott & Co., the dry goods houses of Joel J. Baily, J. B. Ellison 
& Co., Hood, Bonbright & Co., and Jacob Riegel; the wholesale drug stores of Ellis 
& Co., Carpenter & Co., and French, Richards & Co., Spear's iron stove building, and 
a great array of equally reputable business houses we have not space to mention in this 
connection. 

Turning westward we arrive again in the neighborhood of the New Public Buildings, 
which we have described elsewhere. The view of Market street, east and west of 
the New City Hall, presents a constant unvarying scene of commercial activity, not 
often equalled in the civilized world. A very great portion of the wholesale trade of 
PhiladeliDhia is transacted in it, and the sidewalks running to the Delaware are heaped 
with boxes and bales of merchandise. The cars of two passenger railway companies 
traverse this street, east and west, while the cars of seven other companies cross 
this thoroughface at right angles. 

ON WEST MARKET STREET 

we find, almost adjoining the New City Hall, the fine marble edifice of the Third 
National Bank, and beyond, upon the opposite side, the extensive local freight depot 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Here all freights destined to or coming from 
any point east of Pittsburgh, either on the main line or its many branches, are received 
and delivered. The traffic concentrated in this building, which covers an entire square, 
is enormous. In the block above it is the spacious depot and offices of the Adams' 
Express Company, and at the opposite corner, the handsome architectural front of 
Centre Market, which cost above one hundred thousand dollars. A little beyond is 
Polytechnic College, a flourishing institution, organized in 1853, designed to supply a 
want in mechanical education of a thorough collegiate training for practice in mining 
and civil engineering, analytical and industrial chemistry, metallurgy and architecture. 
The college comprises a scientific school and five technical schools. Conspicuous 
from Market Street, though situated on Twenty-first, is the armory of the 

FIRST TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY. 

This is the oldest cavalry organization in Pennsylvania, and its record during the Revo- 
lution was highly creditable. The front view of the structure will remind the looker- 
on of a mediaeval fortress, the material used in its construction being New York and 
Pennsylvania blue stone, serpentine stone and Ohio sand stone. Upon the first floor is 
the ring, or drilling ground, the most extensive in the countiy, of its kind ; and the 
other portions of the structure are used for the storing of equipments. The Troop 
was organized November 15th, 1774, and the armory was erected as a memorial of its 
centennial anniversary, occurring on the 15th of November, 1874. Market Street, 
from this point to the Schuylkill, is principally devoted to the commission, grain, flour 
and lumber business. 



South Broad Street. 
IV.-SOUTH BROAD STREET. 



11 




ROAD STREET, as the second of the two grand avenues projected by the 
Founder, next claims attention. It is a spacious thoroughfare, one hundred 
and twenty feet wide, and paved with wood imbedded in concrete, and 
Belgian blocks. Its southern terminus is at League Island, and for some distance 
below Washington Avenue, it is ornamented with double rows of trees, patterned after 
the Parisian style, and is therefore called, by some, the boulevarde. During the past 
few years Broad street has become a favorite avenue for the selecting of sites for church 
building. At the 
l^resent extremity of 
the populated dis- 
trict, as far south as 
Broad and Reed sts., 
the Baptists have se- 
cured a fine lot and 
have erected an edi- 
fice on the rear por- 
tion, naming it the 
Boardman Chapel. 
At the corner of 
Broad and Federal 
streets the Episcopal 
denomination have 
erected a fine edifice, 

under the name of church of the messiah. 

the " Church of the Messiah." The Presbyterian Westminster Church is at Broad 
and Fitzwater streets. The Methodists have a fine church at Broad and Christian, and 
the Catholics a large church edifice at ^^ _ 

Broad and Catharine. There are many ._ _ _ 
fine residences on south Broad Street, prin- . ~r^ - 
cipal among which are those of the Hon. IF"^' 
Henry M. Watts, ex-minister to Austria j ^ 
Mrs. Ray Barton, daughter of the late Ja- 
cob Ridgway, and Bloomfield H. Moore, 
Esq. The large depot of the Philadelphia, 
Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad is 
located just above Washington Avenue. 
By the munificence of the late Dr. Benja- 
min Rush, one of the noblest pieces of architecture to be found in any city, and intended 
to contain an institution which shall be for the general good of the people, is rising 
slowly into permanent existence from the square bounded by Broad, Thirteenth, 





W. B. R. R. DEPOT. 



12 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




Christian and Carpenter Streets. The bequest of this estate was made conditionally 
to the venerable Philadelphia Library ; but there being some difficulties in the way of 
a complete acceptance under the terms of the will, the executor determined to fulfil 
the often-expressed desire of Dr. Rush, for the erection of a library easily accessible 
to the people of the lower section of the city. The entire area we have mentioned is 
enclosed by not an unsightly stone wall, except on the Broad Street front. Here there 
is to be a low dressed curb, supporting a massive wrought iron railing, through which 
the spectator will obtain a complete view of the magnificent structure and the finely 
diversified grounds which are to surround it. The exterior walls of the building are 
granite, and their appearance conveys an idea of massive strength. Facing Broad 
J -s^ street the library has 

a front of 220 feet, 

- gAc-^^ ^ _ ^g g!:i£l^ S::^£4^ ,- ^r::J^_^ and an extreme 

^ """ ;,. depth of 105 feet. 

; The principal facade 

'. consists of a portico 

:^;awt- =-3:jj»^ ^^..=^rgagS^ enclosed by granite 

NEW LIBRARY BUILDING, SOUTH BROAD STREET. COlumnS. There 

will be sixteen of these columns, eight fronting the central building, and four on each 
wing ; each column being thirty feet high and in the Doric style. The structure will 
rest upon a terrace, and the portico will be reached by a flight of broad steps the full 
width of the central building. A vestibule, thirty-six feet long, ten feet wide and 
fourteen feet high, will lead to the main hall, which will be cruciform, eighty-four feet 
long, running north and south, and sixty feet wide. Twenty-four Ionic columns of 
polished marble will enclose the square of the intersection of the cross, supporting a 
gallery. The height of the intersection will be forty-four feet. The main hall is to 
be arranged with alcoves and wall cases for books. A beautiful marble staircase, twelve 
feet wide, will run from the hall to the memorial and directors' rooms, in the former 
of which will be deposited the personal effects of the late Dr. Rush. This apartment, 
which will be enriched with polished columns, and, like the main hall, be lighted from 
the roof, will also contain a marble tablet, with this inscription : — 



THE RIDGWAY BRANCH 

OF THE 

PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 

A MONUMENT TO THE MEMORY OF 

JACOB RIDGWAY, 

AND HIS 

DAUGHTER, MRS. PHCEBE ANN RUSH. 



The wings will be used as reading rooms, and the grounds will embrace the finest 
effects of landscape gardening. Opposite the main entrance, in the grand hall, a 
mausoleum, to contain the remains of Dr. Rush and wife, will be erected. The cost of 
this building and its exterior decorations will reach the sum of a million and a half. 



South Broad Street. 



13 



When completed, the Philadelphia Library Company will, most likely, exercise super- 
visory control over it. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB 

is located at Broad and Pine streets. This charity was orgrnized in 1S20, the Rt. Rev. 
William White, D. D., being among its originators. Its first location was in Market 
street above Broad, and when opened, in the same year, eighteen pupils assembled for 
instruction. In 1821 it was incorporated by the Legislature, which allowed a certain 
sum per capita for the students annually received. In 1824 the present site was pur- 
chased, and the original building, now much enlarged, was completed in 1825. The 
two wings were erected in 1 854. The structure presents a chaste and simple front of 
cut stone, with a portico supported by pillars of the Tuscan order, and two wings, 
giving a length of 200 feet on Broad street. There are spacious yards, and fine school 
and working rooms. Through the medium of this noble charity thousands of poor 
deaf mutes have been raised from an oblivion of existence to self-sustaining lives. 

Broad street, north of Spruce, is ornamented with three conspicuous buildings. 
Beth Eden Church, one of the fairest 
specimens of sacred architecture to be 
found in America, is in the occupancy 
of a flourishing Baptist congregation, 
under the pastorate of Rev. Dr. J. 
Wheaton Smith. In this edifice the 
architect has not confined himself to 
the rules of any particular period, but 
designed it in the spirit of the early 
Gothic, with a tendency towards the 
Venitian, mainly evinced in the use of 
different kmds of stone in the exterior 
walls. The church has a high-pitched, 
open-timbered roof, with an ornamen- 
tal cresting, and is cruciform in plan, 
with nave, transepts and aisles. The 
nave, parallel with Broad Street, is 1 20 
feet long, and the width of the church 
at the transepts is 70 feet. The prin- 
cipal entrance is through the tower, 
which, when completed, will form one 
of the loftiest and most conspicuous 
ornaments of Broad street. It is 30 
feet square, having heavy buttresses, beth edkn church. 

and angle turrets enriched with carvings. The entrance is exceedingly ornate, being 
supported by shafts of polished granite, red and black alternately, and surmounted by 
capitals exquisitely cut to represent the daffodils of Spring, the bending grain of sum- 




14 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




mer, the fruits of Autumn, and the ice-laden branches of Winter. The edifice is a 
charming study, and is well worth a visit. 

Horticultural Hall, the material evidence of the existence of one of the most pro- 
gressive societies of the time, presents a fine front relieved by a handsome portico. 
This building was erected in l868, at a cost of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars. The society, which owns it dates back to 1826, was founded principally 
through the instrumentality of Dr. James Mease. Twice, annually, horticultural ex- 
hibitions are given here, and are among the most enjoyable and instructive events. 

Philadelphia, with a rich soil 
and a soft, though somewhat 
variable climate, is the home 
of the florist, and the rarest 
specimens of his taste and 
ingenuity gladden the visitor 
to each exhibition. The dis- 
^ plays of fruits, hanging bas- 
,Tvo->i, kets, cut flowers and house 
*^ ~ plants are invariably both 
large and rare. The Acad- 
HORTicuLTURAL HALL AND ACADEMY OF MUSIC. emy of Music almost adjoins 

Horticultural Hall on the north, and between the two there subsists an intimate relation, 
for at all great fetes they are joined by temporary bridges. The Academy is beyond 
all cavil one of the most magnificent of modern opera houses. It has a front of 140 
feet and a depth on Locust street of 238 feet. The exterior walls are of fine pressed 
brick, with handsome brown stone dressings, the facade being in the Byzantine style ; 
but its appearance from the street presents no idea of the world of glory within, when 
it is filled with a gay assemblage, and brilliant with light. The stage proper is 90 feet 
wide, a little over half the same distance in height, to the centre of the proscenium 
arch, and nearly an hundred feet deep. The parquette, which is of ample dimensions, 
its accompanying circle, the balcony, backed with private boxes, the family circle and 
the lofty amphitheatre, give a magnificent perspective of distance and effect from the 
stage, which is nowhere else surpassed. The proscenium of the stage is of the richest 
character. The architrave is supported by six massive, richly gilt columns, of the 
Coi'inthian order, each thirty-three feet high and three and a half feet in diameter at 
the base. Three are disposed on each side, and open to admit of the arrangement of 
the proscenium boxes between them. The galleries are supported by reduced fac-similes 
of the proscenium pillars, and from the dome, frescoed to imitate the star-specked 
azure, depends a grand crystal chandelier. The seats are all richly upholstered in 
crimson plush, and the faces to all the circles are chastely ornamented with classic 
emblems. The visitor, in entering, steps first into a grand lobby, frescoed in mezzo- 
tint, and paved with marble. The ceiling contains four panels with metaphorical de- 
signs of the four fine arts, — music, architecture, poetry and painting. On either side 
of the grand stairways, leading to the balcony, are busts of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, 



South Broad Street. 



15 



Rossini and Mozart. The foyer, directly above the main lobby, is a rare specimen of 
architectural beauty. Sixteen Ionic columns support the panelled ceiling, after the 
Italian models. Throughout, the structure is one of the richest in its conveniencies 
and appointments, and certainly none other exists with finer acoustic qualities. It can 
comfortably seat three thousand persons. The formal opening of the building took 
place on the evening of Tuesday, January 26th, 1857. The estimated value of the 
property, as it stands, is eight hundred thousand dollars. 

Upon the west side of Broad, above Walnut, three more notable buildings spring 
into view, the first being that of the Union League Club, — an organization that has now 
a national fame. This League germinated from the Union Club which was formed in 
1862, with the avowed object of promoting friendly intercourse among loyal people. 
Its constitution required as the primary qualification for membership undoubted loyalty 
to the Government of the United States, " an unwavering support of its efibrts for the 
suppression of the Rebellion ;" and the object it had in view was, "to discountenance 
and rebuke, by moral and social influence, all disloyalty to the Federal Government." 
The League enlisted ten regiments of troops, distributed over six hundred thousand 
Union documents, and claims to have carried Pennsylvania for the Republican Party 
in 1863, "in the darkest hour of the administration." The League has now a mem- 
bership of nearly two thousand, embracing the wealthiest and many of the best-known 
men of the city. The present club house, which is of brick with brown stone dress- 
ings, and in the French Renaissance style, was finished in May, 1865, at a cost of over 
$200,000. It has all the appointments of a first-class resort, and contains a gallery en- 
riched by the choicest works of both sculptor and painter. 

Upon the opposite corner of Sansom street, directly vis a vis with Chambers' Pres- 
byterian Church, is the old Academy of Natural Sciences, which was founded in 181 2 
and incorporated in 1817. The present building, esteemed very large when it was 
erected, nearly thirty years ago, but now totally inadequate to the wants of the institution, 
contains a museum of natural curiosities which is classed as the second in extent and 
variety, in the world. A building, more worthy of this wond'erful aggregation, is now 
being erected at Nineteenth and Race. The Academy of Natural Sciences now pos- 
sesses more than 6000 min- 1 
erals, 900 rocks, 65,000 fos- A 
sils, yOjOOOspeciesofplants, 
1000 species of zoophytes, 
2000 species of crustaceans, 
500 species of myriapods 
and arachnidians, 25,000 
species of insects, 20,000 
species of shell-bearing 
moUusks, 2000 species of 
fishes, 800 species of rep- 
tiles, 37,000 birds with new academy of natural SCIEN'CES. 

nests of 200 and eggs of 1500 species, 1000 mammals, and 900 skeletons and pieces 







16 Hmtd-Book of Philadelphia. 

of osteology. Most of the species are represented by four or five specimens, so tlir.t, 
including archaeological and ethnological cabinets, space is required now for the ar- 
rangement of not less than 400,000 objects, besides the library of nearly 25,000 vol- 
umes. Among the most conspicuous of the objects is the restored skeleton of the 
Hadrosaunes Foulkii, which illustrates with what rare skill it has been possible to re- 
produce (with the aid of a few bones,) the anatomy of a gigantic animal which existed 
long anterior to the appearance of man. The department of Ethnology embraces 
more than a thousand human cranio, of different races, and four mummies. The 
academy gives gratuitous instruction in natural science to a number of students. There 
have been published by it eight octavo and seven quarto volumes, entitled "Journal 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia," and twenty-four octavo vol- 
umes, entitled " Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Phdadelphia." 
These volumes average 400 pages each. The public are admitted upon two days of 
the week, formerly free, but now for a very small sum, which was levied to aid the 
building fund. A tour of its galleries will be found exceedingly instructive. 

THE LA PIERRE HOTEL 

has a fine granite front, and contains accommodations for three hundred guests, nearly 
all of whom are permanent. 

On the east side of Broad, just above Chestnut, stands the 

PENN SQUARE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

The main front consists of a Corinthian portico of eight columns, which is approached 
by a flight of thirteen steps. The walls and flanks are embellished with pilasters which 
support an entablature enriched with ornaments peculiar to classic architecture. The 
auditorium is chastely decorated, and has a very fine effect. 



V.-NORTH BROAD STREET. 




AKING a survey of North Broad street, the tourist will start from the New 
City Hall. Directly opposite its northwest corner is located the School of 
Design for Women, which is worthy of attention. It is one of the few in- 
stitutions in America which opens to the female sex opportunities for a thorough edu- 
cation in art, and for attaining proficiency in several industrial branches in which there 
is a constant and increasing demand for skillful operators. It has three main divisions 
of study, — ornamentation, landscape and the human figure, — and large numbers of 
young ladies are availing themselves of the rare facilities for obtaining a remunerating 
profession which this institution offers. Directly north of the New City Hall, and in 
its immediate vicinity, there is a cluster of buildings which can nowhere be excelled. 
The most conspicuous of these, and certainly the most imposing of its kind in exist- 
ence, is the New Masonic Temple, which, in 1873, was dedicated in the presence of 
nearly fifty thousand members of that esoteric fraternity. The order early secured a 
foot-hold in Pennsylvania, and grew into large proportions, and its jurisdiction is now 



North Broad Street. 



17 



regarded the wealthiest and strongest in America. The old Hall, — in the antique 
pointed Gothic style, — on Chestnut street, had outlived its time, and the new Temple 
was projected without much debate, and 



carried to successful realization. This 
structure has two fronts, the west on 
Broad street, and the south on Filbert. 
Both are perfect specimens of Norman 
architecture, notably elaborate and bold, 
and unlike anything else in the city. 
The profile nowhere contains any trace 
of flatness or inexpression. The win- 
dows and the lofty stories, the recesses 
and the towers all combine to give an 
idea of massive magnificence that no 
description in words will convey. The 
material used in the construction of the 
western and southern fronts is Cape Ann 
Syenite of a greyish white color, which 
gives an appearance of solidity and per- 
manence afforded by few other stones. 
The permanent ornaments of the Broad 
street front are the two grand towers on 

either flank, and the beautiful Norman new masonic temple. 

porch, which is the most elaborate and costly work of the kind in this country. It is 
built of Quincy granite, and stands in a projection of the front wall, being copied after 
the finest examples of the Norman style in Europe. It is made up of four pairs of 
receding pillars, surmounted by an arched moulding, and enriched by Norman decora- 
tions. All of the stone was dressed at the quarry, and brought to the site ready to 
be placed in position, so that, as was said of Solomon's Temple may be said of this : 
" There was neither hammer nor ax, nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was 
in building." The grand tower is 250- feet high, and is square, massive, and highly ornate. 
The foundations for it were sunk forty feet below the pavement. It rises, in grandeur 
and solidity, far above all other buildings, having turrets at its four corners, and is 
constructed, throughout, in strict detail of the Norman style. The Temple is 150 feet 
in length, with a side elevation of 90 feet above the pavement. Within, the Temple 
presents a varied picture of architectural splendor. The grand staircase, the Grand 
Lodge Hall and Grand Chapter Hall ; the Egyptian Hall with its massive elephantine 
columns surmounted by the peculiar capitals of the ancient temples of the Nile, of 
Luxor, and of Karnak ; the Ionic and Norman Halls, and the Oriental, with all the 
airy proportions and ornaments of the Alhambra and Mosques of Arabia, — each apart- 
ment embodying a distinct type of architecture, — form together a scene of magnificence 
which needs the brush, rather than the pen, to even imperfectly reproduce. The cost 
of the Temple was f 1,300,000, and five years were occupied in its erection. 




18 



Hand-Booh of PJiiladclplda. 




Adjoining the Temple on the north, with fronts on Arch and Broad streets, stands 

^^-,, >^-- -- the Arch Street M. E. Church, which was 

,_- i -?--^^ ^-. finished early in 1873. It is constructed en- 

. -^ ; ^^^^^^ tirely of white marble, and is surmounted by 

a slender and airily proportioned spire, which 
J- reaches to the height of 233 feet. It is one 

p = of the most beautiful churches in a city 

which has become celebrated for the solidity 
and splendor of her sacred edifices. It is of 
Gothic design, and, with the exception of the 
Cathedral at Milan, it is, perhaps, the only 
church edifice in the world that is built ex- 
clusively of one material, and in the purest 
Gothic style. Its cost was above ^250,000. 
Upon the western corners of the intersection 
of Broad and Arch streets, are two fine 
temples. At the south is the imposing and 
ornate edifice of St. John's Lutheran con- 
gregation, the most striking feature of which 
is the tower at its northeast corner. This 
is extremely massive, and in proportions and 
ARCH STREET M. E. CHURCH. ^ gtylc it is entirely different from any other 

yet constructed. It is twenty-six feet square at its base, aiid rises without a break, ex- 
cept for doors and windows, to the height of ninety-two feet. Projecting from the four 
angles, at this elevation, are circular turrets with pinnacles, each fifty-two feet high. 

Between these turrets the walls of the tower appear 
in bold relief, and convey impressively the idea of a 
«' strong fortress." Surmounting the whole is a 
slated roof of the mansard order, with Louvre win- 
dows, and peaked with an ornamental railing. The 
main entrance is through this tower. The church, 
proper is in the florid German Gothic style of archi- 
tecture, and is skillfully designed to present a com- 
pact mass of buildings, with aisles, clere-stoiy and 
transepts. The Broad and Arch streets fronts are 
each adorned by a magnificent window, with stone 
muUions and stained glass. The walls are of ser- 
pentine stone, with grey sand stone and Hummel- 
NEw LUTHERAN CHURCH. stouc drcsslngs. The interior is beautifully deco- 

rated, the altar being one of the richest in this country, the general design being that 
of a canopy supported by highly-polished columns. The congregation have expended 
nearly three hundred thousand dollars in the construction of this edifice. Rev. Joseph 
A. Seiss, D. D., is the present pastor of this church. 




~i^ \U4. 



1 1 

I V 




North Broad Street. 



19 



Upon the northwest corner of the intersection stands the First Baptist Church, — a 

brown stone structure, with heavy buttresses, and surmounted with an imposing tower 

which rises to the height of 225 feet. The exterior has a fine architectural effect, with 

the appearance of great solidity. At the angles of all the buttresses, and along the 

the base of the tower the ivy has 

fastened its tendrils and adds an 

ornament of rare beauty to the 

walls of the church. The interior 

decorations are in the Romanesque 

style, the frescoing being of the 

richest description. The pews are 

of fine wood, as are the gallery 

fronts. The chancel is in the form 

of an apse, and is in its arrangement 

both novel and pleasing. The value 

of the building is placed at a qua.r- 

ter of a million. This congregation 

is one of the oldest and most efli- 

cient in the Baptist denomination. 

It was organized in 1684, by Rev. 

Thomas Dungan, who established 

the first Baptist community in Penn- 
sylvania. In 1698 the congregation 

worshipped with the Presbyterians first baptist church. 

on " Barbadoes Lot.*' Up to 1762 this church was regarded a branch of the mother 

church in Pennapeck, owing to its weak condition and dependence on the stronger 

body for supplies. On the 1 5th of May, of that year, the First Church of Philadelphia 
was re-constituted as an independent body, and Rev. Jenkin Jones was chosen pastor, 
serving fourteen years. The pulpit is now occupied by Rev. George Dana Boardman, 
D. D., who entered upon his pastoral duties here in 1864. The present edifice was 
erected in 1854. The interior has recently been greatly beautified, and presents a 
richly-adorned appearance. 

The Academy of Fine Arts, — whose magnificent new gallery, on Broad street, just 
above Arch, is progressing gradually towards completion, — was founded in 1805, by 
the voluntary contributions of a number of Philadelphians, and was incorporated in 
1 807, by act of Assembly. The aim of this institution, one of the worthiest and 
noblest in the great City of Brotherly Love, as set forth in its charter, is to 
improve and refine the public taste for works of art, and to cultivate and encourage our 
native genius by " providing elegant and approved specimens of the arts for imitation." 
Its first annual exhibition was held in 1811, and over five hundred specimens of the 
skill of both painter and sculptor were then displayed. For many years the academy 
was located in a modern Ionic building standing on the site of the present American 
Theatre, Chestnut street, above Tenth, but six years ago steps were taken to rear a larger 





20 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

building, and one more worthy the standing of the institution and its treasures. Work 
on this is now in progress. It is of a modified Gothic style, having a front of loo feet 

on Broad street, and a depth, on Cherry, 

^^.^^^g -=^=r— of 258. The principal front is to be two 

"^ stories high, ornamented with encaustic 

i^pa- tiles, terra-cotta statuary and light stone 

- ^'^^^ZT dressings, the wall being laid in patterns 

s ^^^^^ of red and white brick. Over the main 

^*iS!f entrance there will be a large Gothic 
^^iLi iy^V"^?^^M;.i!j''btt window, with stone tracery. The Cherry 
^SKt^2^^^ street front will be of similar materials and 
relieved by a colonnade supporting a 
ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. serics of archcd windows, back of which 

will be a transept with a pointed gable. The building, which is to cost $300,000, 
will have galleries for casts from sculpture, life-class rooms, lecture rooms, and retiring 
rooms on the first floor ; while upon the second will be located the grand gallery, 75 
by 42 feet ; the " Gilpin " gallery, (to contain an hundi-ed thousand dollars worth of 
art treasures, bequeathed by the late Henry D. Gilpin,) 95 by 42 feet, together with a 
a number of smaller exhibition rooms. The general appearance of the building con- 
veys a fine idea of the florid Venitian style. The art collections of this academy are 
the most valuable in this country, comprising the master-pieces of Stuart, Sully, Neagle, 
Benjamin West, Allston and Wittkamp. Its marbles, and fac-similes are very fine and 
many in number. Its gallery of casts from the relics of antiquity is especially instruc- 
tive. The academy is now under the supervision of gentlemen who have always been 
lovers and patrons of art, and has the promise of great prosperity and success. We 
doubt not the refined taste of Philadelphians will be fully verified by a liberal endorse- 
ment of the efforts made by the directors of this noble institution to establish a gallery 
worthy of the city. 

Broad street from this point to Fairmount avenue is principally devoted to industry. 
The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Co. has its depot at the corner of Callowhill 
street, and diagonally across the street are located the buildings of Baldwin's Locomo- 
tive Establishment. Here three thousand men are employed, and one locomotive is 
completed in every eight working hours. Europe, Asia and South America, in addiion 
to North America, are patrons of this extensive manufactory. A Philadelphian, Oliver 
Evans, was the first to propose a locomotive in America, and another Philadelphian, 
Matthias W. Baldwin (the founder of these works) was the first to make and success- 
fully use one. In 1830, at the request of Mr. Peale, the proprietor of a popular mu- 
seum, he constructed a model engine for exhibition, which, during an exj^eriment in 
1831, drew five passengers. The Philadelphia and Germantown Railroad Co., whose 
cars up to that time were drawn by horses, ordered a locomotive, which was placed on 
the road in January, 1833, and gave the greatest satisfaction in its performance. This 
was undoubtedly the first successful American locomotive. The present site was first 
occupied by the works in 1834. 



North Broad Street. 



21 



m.. 



BOYS CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
AND THE SYNAGOGUE. 




On the east side, above Spring Garden street, is the North Broad Street Presbyte- 
rian Church, of brown stone, in the Norman style, and adjoining the Boys' Central 
High School, surmounted by an ob- 
servatory which is equipped with a 
fine and complete set of astronomical 
and meteorological instruments. The 
adopted curriculum here is well graded 
and comprehensive, and the facilities 
for the study of the sciences are sur- 
passed in no other school. Above it 
is the synagogue of Rodef Shalom, a 
remarkable reproduction of Saracenic 
architecture. Its exterior, of various 
colored sandstone, is rich in tracery 
and ornament, and the interior is a 
marvel of magnificence. There rises 
from the northwest corner a tower sur- 
mounted by a dome peculiar to the 
mosques of Turkey and Arabia. From Lincoln Market north, the character of Broad 
street changes entirely. Row after row of splendid residences, many isolated in the 
midst of handsomely decorated gardens, succeed for miles. Brown stone, the various 
sand stones, brick and marble vie with each other in architectural effect, and the per- 
spective is one of the grandest in the country. A fine range of trees lines either curb, 
and a wide, smooth pavement lies between them and the houses. From Fairmount 
avenue north, Broad street, stretching for miles into the delightful suburbs, is a popu- 
lar drive and the great Sunday and holiday promenade. Among the many costly resi- 
dences there are a number conspicuous for their size and situation. The old Stiles' 
Mansion, the very picture of a Grecian villa, 
which stands in the centre of a beautiful lawn, at 
the southwest corner of Poplar street, was formerly 
the convent of the visitation, but is now owned and 
occupied by B. Hammett, Esq. The residences of 
Joseph Singerly and the late Michel Bouvier, both 
millionaires, on the west side, above Girard aveime, 
will attract the eye. On the east side are the 
mansions of Jacob G. Neafie, Alexander Whildin, 
Hemy Disston — this one unusually rich in ornamentation without and within, — and of 
John Baird and Rev. Matthew Newkirk. At the southwest corner of Master street, is 
the dwelling which the late Edwin Forrest erected in 1859, and occupied. Here it was 
that, early one morning, he was found dead in his own room, on the second floor. 
The building has a simple brown stone front, with a wing to the south, presenting 
toward the street a blank wall of the same material, with one or two niches. Here 
are still retained his rare art treasures, which eventually are to be deposited in a 




EDWIN FORREST S RESIDENCE. 



22 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




GRACE M. E. CHURCH. 



■•■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■I 



North Broad Street. 



23 



projected Home for -worn out actors, which is to be erected through his munificence. 
He willed his entire estate, valued at a millon and a half, save a small portion given 
in private bequests, for this purpose. 

Upon the east side, diagonally opposite the Forrest mansion, is reared the 

MEMORIAL BAPTIST CHURCH, 

Rev. p. S. Henson, D.D., pastor. It cost one hundred thousand dollars, 75 by 100 feet 
in size, and will seat eighteen hundred persons. The walls are of green stone, laid up 
in open range work, with light stone trimmings. The plan is that of an amphitheatre, 
the front, on Master street, being circular. A spire rises fifty feet above the apex of 
the roof, and about 130 feet from the pavement. The main window — highly oniate — 
is in the Broad street front, and is 14 feet wide and 42 feet high. The interior is 
beautifully decorated, and the open tracery of the ceiling not only perfects the ventila- 
tion, but very sensibly heightens the appearance of the auditorium. On the northwest 
corner of Broad and Master streets a very fine church edifice has been projected — the 
Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, a cut of which will be found on the opposite page. 
At the comer of Brandywine street is located 

THE FIRST SWEDENBORGIAN CHURCH, 

which dates its existence back to 1783. The present building was erected in 1854, and 
is chastely decorated. 

Monument Cemetery, which has an extensive front on Broad street, above Mont- 
gomery avenue, had its origin in 1837, two years after the opening of Laurel Hill. 
From a centre plot rises a monument in memory of 
Washington and Lafayette. It is a shaft resembling 
" Cleopatra's Needle," and rests upon a massive 
pedestal embracing 77 square yards indicating the 
years of Lafayette's life. Above the pedestal are 
thirteen steps, representing the original number of 
states in the Union, and, still above these, ornament- 
ing the sub-shaft are thirty-two flutes, representing 
the states in the Union at the time of the completion 
of the monument. From the top of the pedestal to 
the apex of the shaft the distance is 67 feet and 10 
inches, corresponding to the years and months of 
Washington's life ; and the shaft itself is 56 feet monument cemetery. 

hi^h, indicating the number of signers of the Declaration of Independence. Two 
large bronze shields contain appropriate inscriptions to the two historic men whose 
fame is thus perpetuated. The cemetery is handsomely laid out, and is studded with 
many finely sculptured stones. The entrance is through a brown stone building, ar- 
ranged as a Gothic chapel, with spire. Beyond this point Broad street is sparsely 
settled, but is the scene of constant and permanent improvements of great beauty. 




24 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
VI.-CHESTNUT STREET. 




HESTNUT STREET, just south of and parallel with Market, will generally 
be regarded as the finest thoroughfare of the city. From" the Delaware to 
Broad street it presents an almost unbroken range of magnificent buildings 
with fronts of brick, sandstone, marble and granite, and embodying the most pleasing 
and conspicuous features and proportions of modem architecture. West of Broad, 
the street is lined by splendid residences with frequent indications of the encroachment 
of business in substantial stores and palaces devoted to dry-goods. Tlie average value 
of ground along this thoroughfare is three thousand dollars per foot, and the lofty 
structures wdiich decorate it vary in cost from fifty thousand to a million dollars. It 
presents a scene of continual activity ; the road-way is always filled with passenger 
cars and rich equipages, and the walks are noisy with the throng of people. Each 
week-day afternoon it becomes the grand promenade, and the thousands of fair faces, 
the musical crush of silks, the great plate glass show windows, whose attractions are 
multi^jlied by mirrors, all combine to give the thoroughfare an appearance of rare 
beauty. People meet here to see and be seen, to study toilets as well as humanity, 
and if there is one spot in America where the ingenuity of the inodiste is to be observed 
to its advantage, it is on Chestnut street, any time after two and before six P. M., on 
any week-day. 




THE STATE HOUSE, AS IT APPEARED IN I774. 

The venerable State House, below Sixth street, is the centre of great interest. It is 
rich with the incense of patriotism and heroic struggle, and no one can enter it without 
a feeling of reverence for the hallowed walls wherein sat that Congress which declared 
the colonies "free and independent" states. The building was designed by Dr. 
Kearsley, was commenced in 1729 and completed in 1734, the builder being Edmund 
Wooley. In the year 1740 the wings were erected. The interior decorations remain 



Chestnut Street. 



25 



as originally designed, and, for the production of so early a time, are very fine; and 
those of the main hall, embracing a richly panelled ceiling and a heavy cornice supported 
by fluted columns, will strike the eye as exceedingly beautiful. The ornamentation 
over each door leading to the " Hall of Independence," on the east, and the 
"National Museum" on the west, is florid, having a centre medallion from which 
the face of one of the Georges projects in bas 
relief. The eastern chamber, which is a shrine 
to every American, was the -theatre wherein 
was proposed, debated, adopted and signed the 
Declaration of Independence, which was finally 
promulgated on the 4th of July, 1776. The 
hall still presents, as far as it has been possible to 
retain it, its original appearance. The por- 
traits of the signers embellish the walls, per- 
petuating not only the faces of those historic 
men, but the skill of Peale, Stuart, Inman 
and Sully. John Hancock's chair, and the 
table on which the immortal document was 
signed, stand on a dais at the eastern end ; 
Rush's fine statue of Washington adorns the 
northwest corner, and the old chandelier used 
by the Continental Congress is still pendent 
from the centre of the ceiling. The western 
chamber, for many years the Common Pleas Court-room, is now a museum of natural 
relics. Of these it contains a large number, both rare and curious. Among them are the 
ale mug of David Paul Jones ; a china cup with Washington's effigy, made before 
Braddock's defeat; flag of the ist Regiment, Pennsylvania militia, lost and recaptured 
at Brandywine ; the chair of James Logan, first possessed by William Penn, with the 
inscription : " fruitful of recollections, sit and muse ;" the chairs of the Colonial Justices ; 
Franklin's bedside table; relics of the battle of Germantown ; the original stamp im- 
posed under the celebrated Stamp Act of Great Britain, in March, 1765, which led to 
the Revolution, and the original charter of Philadelphia. Upon the second floor are 
two chambers now used by Select and Common Councils, the westernmost being 
formerly the Senate hall of the First Congress. The lobby extended then from this 
chamber to the eastern end of the building, and in it were confined the American 
oflicers captured by the British, at the disastrous battle of Germantown. The original 
steeple, being decayed, was taken down in 1774, and the present one erected in 1828. 
On the ground floor of the steeple, surrounded by a net-work of iron, to prevent the 
ravages of relic-hunters, stands the famous old bell, hanging upon its original supports 
It was cast and imported from England, in 1752, purposely for the State House, but 
was cracked in testing it. It was recast by Isaac Norris, a member of the Colonial 
Assembly, who inscribed upon it, " Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all 




INDEPENDENCE HALL — SOTTH SIDE. 



26 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




the inhabitants thereof." This old bell did, on the afternoon of the memorable 4th 
of July, 1776, proclaim that liberty which the Colonial Assembly had just declared. 

Subsequently it was again frac- 
tured, and is now sacredly 
guarded as an invaluable relic 
of our early national existence. 
The clock, which is the stan- 
'dard time-piece for the city, 
was constructed by Isaiah Lu- 
kens, and set in motion January 
1st, 1829, at which time the 
present bell, weighing 4600 
pounds, and cast by John Wilt- 
bank, was placed in position. 
The, original cost of the State 
House was £5600, and it may 
be interesting to know that 
Thomas Godfrey, the inventor 
of the Quadrant, was its gla- 
zier. At the corners of Fifth 
INDEPENDENCE HALL— NORTH SIDE. aiid Sixth strccts, onc at either 

end of the State House wings, which are used for municipal purposes, are two build- 
ings almost similar in proportions and architecture. The building to the west was 
formerly Congress Hall, the House of Representatives being upon the first floor, now 
occupied by the old Quarter Sessions Court and the Highway Department, and the 
Senate the upper floor, used at present by District Courts I and 2. Congress sat 
here during 1792 to 1799; and in this building Thomas Jefferson fulfilled his duties as 
Vice President of the United States, and presiding officer of the Senate. There was 
no door on Sixth street, as at present, the main entrance being, as it is to-day, through 
the Chestnut street front. Upon the eastern wall of the building appears a tablet with 

this inscription : — 

In this building met the 

First Senate, 

and the 

First House of Representatives 

of the United States of America; 

and herein George Washington was inaugurated 

Presiaent, March 4, 1793, 

and closed his official career ; 

when, herein also, 

John Adams was inaugurated the 

Second President of the United States, 

March 4, 1797. 

The one at the opposite end has been, since a period long anterior to " Consolidation," 

the office of the Mayor of the city, and the headquarters of the Police Department. 

The Mayor's chambers are on the second floor, while upon the first are the rooms of 



Chestnut Stree'. 27 

the Fire Marshal, the Police and Fire-alarm Telegraph, the Detectives, and the 
audience-chamber of the magistrate who acts for the Mayor in the preliminary trial 
of cases. In the basement are the cells of the Central Station, and the quarters of the 
Reserve Police. 

In the rear of the State House, occupying the remainder of the space bounded by 
Chestnut, Walnut, Fifth and Sixth streets, is Independence Square, which it is hoped 
will soon be placed in a condition better fitting its character and its association with 
the historic Hall. It was here, — and from this fact it derives its name, — that, on the 
8th of July, 1.776, the Declaration of Independence was read by John Nixon, amid 
the repeated shouts of the people, who — stirred up to the highest pitch of patriotic 
enthusiasm, — rushed into the court-rooms, tore down the King's Arms and burned 
them in public, and destroyed everywhere the insignia of British authority. The dis- 
charges of cannon, building of bonfires, and ringing of bells, " all," we are told, 
" demonstrated the joy of the people." On the 4th of July, 1876, — after the lapse of 
a century, — it is safe to predict that the same time-honored Hall and Square will witness 
a scene which, for moral grandeur, will have, in history, no parallel. The representatives 
of a mighty power — established in that memorable July, a hundred years ago, and now 
embracing forty states and forty millions of prosperous people, — will there assemble to 
join in thanksgiving to the omniscient one for the blessings He has vouchsafed them. 

There are, of the many incidents connected with this spot, one or two which will 
be of interest here. In, October, 1773, an immense meeting of the citizens was held 
in the State House Yard, " called in consequence of the effort made by the East India 
Company to force upon the good people of Philadelphia tea which, owing to the 
refusal of the Americans themselves to import, had accumulated in immense quantities 
in their warehouses in London. By this assemblage, which was the largest that, for 
such a purpose, had yet met in the Colonies, was made the first resistance to British 
authority, and an open defiance to the East India Company. This organization, " in 
collusion with the ministry," set about chartering vessels for American ports, determined 
to " crain the tea down the throats," of the Colonists. Notice of the actual sailing, 
on the 27th of September, 1773, of the ship Pf?//)/, with a cargo of tea for Philadelphia, 
was received here, whereupon, when she was reported below, a self-constituted com- 
mittee on tarring and feathering sent a note to the Captain, in which, if he persisted in 
bringing his vessel up, his fate was thus foreshadowed : " a halter around your neck, 
ten gallons of liquid tar scattered on your pate, with the feathers of a dozen wild geese 
laid over that to enliven your appearance." On Christmas day the Polly had reached 
Gloucester, whereupon this notice was issued : " The tea-ship having arrived, every 
inhabitant who wishes to preserve the liberty of America, is desired to meet at the 
State House to consider what is best to be done in this alarming crisis." Ten thousand 
people are said to have responded, and to have resolved, " that Captain Ayres shall 
carry back the tea immediately, * * * and that to-morrow he shall proceed to his 
vessel and make the best of his way out of our river and bay." This he prudently 
did, and thus wrote a contemporary : " by a glorious exertion of public virtue and 



28 , Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

spirit have the foundations of American liberty been more deeply laid than ever." 
In the winter of 1777-8, after the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, the 
State House was occupied by British officers and American prisoners. In taking pos- 
session, the Grenadiers, with Lord Cornwallis at their head, took the van of the army 
up Chestnut street. The soldiers looked clean and well-clad, and the contrast between 
them and onr own poor bare-footed and ragged troops was very great, and caused a 
feeling of despair. While General Howe held the city there occurred the famous 
" battle of the Kegs," of which but little, generally, is known. A number of patriots 
up the river formed a project to destroy the enemy's shipping by sending down at 
ebb-tide a number of kegs charged with gun-pov/der, and furnished with machinery 
to explode them upon the slightest touch. The vessels had, however, been drawn into 
the docks, and many of the kegs passed down without being noticed. One at last 
exploded. The city was thrown into general alarm, and the wharves were soon filled 
with " red-coats," who spent the greater part of the day in firing at every chip and 
stick that appeared upon the surface of the water. And this was the encounter which 
was celebrated in verse by Francis Hopkinson. 

A quaint old building rises from the Fifth street front of Independence Square, just 
south of the Mayor's office. It is occupied on the first floor by the Common Pleas 
Court and the Water Department, and on the second, by the American Philosophical 
Society. Under the influence of Benjamin Franklin, a " Junto," for mutual improve- 
ment, was formed in the fall of 1727, whose membership was restricted to twelve, and 
whose meetings were secret, to prevent the application of improper persons for ad- 
^mission. After an existence of nearly twenty years Franklin proposed a larger organi- 
zation, presenting in 1743 the prospectus of a society "for the promotion of useful 
knowledge among the British Provinces of North America." From this dates the 
origin of the present association. The organization, under the prospectus of 1 743 
declined gradually, until, in 1767, only six members remained, whose zeal and industry 
effected its revival. A second society formed in 1750, for the discussion of natural 
history, philosophy, sciences and morals, accepted in 1768 a proposition looking to a 
merger with that founded by Fi-anklin, and a Union was effected January 2d, 1769. 
On the 15th of March, 1780, these united bodies were incorporated as " The American 
Philosophical Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge." Among the curious annals 
of the early proceedings of this body is to be found a notice of the first steam engine 
built in this city, and a description of the first boat ever navigated by steam, constructed 
by John Fitch, accompanied by a working model. The site of the present hall was 
given to the society by the state, in 1785, and the building was reared in 1789. In the 
rooms of the society are a library of nearly twenty thousand volumes, a fine cabinet of 
coins and an interesting array of antiquarian relics. . Among other invaluable memen- 
toes of the past, which are here preserved, is the original draft of the Declaration of 
Independence, drawn by Thomas Jefferson, containing the celebrated section con- 
cerning the right of property in slaves, which was heatedly debated and finally 
stricken out. ' 



Chcstmit Street. 29 

Almost opposite, on tlie east side of Fifth street, is the venerable 
PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 
which was founded in November, A. D., 1731, by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas 
Hopkinson, Thomas Cadwallader and a few other gentlemen. Mr. James Logan early 
became a patron of the Company, and was delegated to select the books for the Library. 
By his direction Mr. Hopkinson, then about to sail for England, was directed to invest 
£65 in books, and the first importation was made in 1732. The liberality of the 
company was early indicated in an instruction to the librarian, " to allow any person, 
a member or not, to peruse the books, suffering none to be taken out by any non-sub- 
scriber, Mr. Logan excepted." Dr. Franklin soon after became librarian, at an annual 
salary of £6. John Penn sent with a present of an air-pump, in 1736, a letter saying : 
" It always gives me pleasure when I think of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 
as they were the first to encourage knowledge and learning in the Province of Penn- 
sylvania." Among the rare presents received during the early period of the institution 
was one from Benjamin West, the historical painter then in London, (1767) of a 
woman's hand taken from an Egyptian mummy, and in a good state of presei-vation. 
This hand was sometimes called Cleopatra's, and was extremely shapely. It remained 
in this institution for some time, well-preserved, though exposed to the air, and then 
all trace of it was lost. The company, in 1 740, occuisied the upper story of the State 
House; in 1773, the second floor of Carpenter's Hall, and in 1789 the present edifice 
was begun. Upon the corner stone is inscribed : 



Be it remembered, in honor of the 

Philadelphian youth, (then chiefly artificers) that in MDCCXXXI 

they cheerfully, at the instance of Benjamin Franklin 

one of their number, instituted the 

PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 

which, though small at first, is become highly valuable and extensively 

useful, and which the walls of this edifice are now destined 

to contain and preserve, the first stone of whose 

foundation was here placed the 31st of August, MDCCLXXXIX. 

© ■ © 

In December, 1 790 the company removed to the new building. The heirs of Jas. Logan, 
on February iSth, 1782, having made an appropriate transfer of. the valuable Loganian 
Library, a building, which forms a wing of the present structure, was specially con- 
structed to receive it. The statue of Franklin, which fills a niche over the main entrance , 
was presented by William Bingham. This gentleman wrote to the Doctor, then in 
Europe, concerning it and was answered : " that Franklin would approve of a gown 
and a Roman head" and, in accordance with this expression the present statue was 
executed. The alcoves and shelves of the library contain now over 100,000 volumes, 
and the main room displays some rai^e mementoes of American Colonial history. A 
word statistically concerning 

THE BOOK COLLECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA. 

There are, all told, 3700, comprising 2,985,770 volumes, and embracing the libraries 



30 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

of all the hospitals and benevoleBt institutions, of colleges, schools, (secular and 
religious) and private offices, including those of lawyers and clergymen. 

Before the entrance to the State House is a fine marble statue of Washington, 
resting upon a massive granite pedestal, having been erected through the instrumentality 
of the pupils in the public schools. Opposite is the American Hotel, a handsome and 
well ordered public house ; the rooms of the Philadelphia Press Club, and the always 
busy office of Adams Express Company. Walking east we find in the two squares 
below the State Plouse much to challenge attention. One of the most conspicuous 
ornaments of the street, and certainly one of the finest in existence, is the group of 
banks on the north side of Chestnut, east of Fifth. They are five in number, and in 
their composition granite and marble have been cut into fronts of the utmost solidity 
and magnificence. The one nearest Fifth street is the Girard Building, principally 
occupied by the People's Bank, and costing a quarter of a million. The banking house 
of the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, adjoining 
it, is of a darker granite and much more massive in appearance, requiring an outlay of 
about the same amount. The main chamber is unusually imposing, having a clear 
height, to a vaulted ceiling, of nearly sixty feet. This company does a vast amount 
of business as an executor, and is estimated to hold nearly an hundred millions in 
trust. Next to it is the white marble front of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, the 
banking-room being at the rear. This institution was incorporated in 1809, and occu- 
pied originally a plain building upon the same site, which was memorable as being the 
residence of Admiral Howe, during 1777-8, when the British held possession of the 
city. For a long while after the abolition of the old United States Bank, this institu- 
tion was the depository for the moneys of the government. Upon the second floor is 
located the " Clearing House," where twenty-seven National banks, having an aggregate 
capital of |ii6,435,ooo, and a circulation of f 11,000,000, make their daily settlements. 
There are in addition about twenty other banks in the city, of which twelve were 
chartered by the State. The most conspicuous front in this costly group is that of the 
Philadelphia National, incorporated in 1S04, with a capital fixed at a million and a 
half. This bank was one of the largest creditors of the old Pennsylvania Bank, which 
closed its doors during the crisis of 1857, the present structure, then partially completed 
by it falling to the present institution. The facade, surmounted by a huge cornice, is 
of heavy, dark granite, and is grandly imposing from any point of view. The building 
is valued at $350,000. The last of the five is the new marble structure of the Phila- 
delphia Trust and Safe Deposit Company. The style of architecture is both chaste 
and bold, and the upper front holds a fine ornament in a large marble counterpart of 
the city's seal, the female figures upon either hand being of a heroic size. 

The central figure of the square, opposite this range of marble and granite buildings, 
is the United States Custom House, originally constructed for the Second United States 
Bank. The structure resting upon a stone dais, is isolated from all other buildings, 
and is regarded as one of the most faithful imitations of the celebrated Parthenon, 
designed by Pericles for the " August Athena," and situated upon the Acropolis of 




Chestnut Street. 31 

Athens. The building of the Philadelphia fac-simile was commenced in 1 819, and 
finished in 1S24, at an expense of nearly $600,000. It has a front of eighty-seven feet, 

and a depth of one hundred and sixty-one, the 
facades on Chestnut and Library streets being alike. 
Each front consists of a heavy entablature and 
pediment supported by eight massive fluted columns 
of the Doric order, each twenty-seven feet in height, 
and nearly five feet in diameter at the base. The 
main hall, which is eighty-one feet long and forty- 
eight wide, is richly ornamented with fluted Ionic 
u s cobTOM HOUSE columus, and has a clear elevation of nearly fifty 

feet to a vaulted and panelled ceiling. The building, purchased many years ago 
by the Federal government for scarcely half its original cost, is one of the 
most remarkable reproductions of Doric architecture, and in its chaste simplicity 
and massive proportions, presents an appearance of unpretentious grandeur. It was 
erected by the Second United States Bank, which was chartered by Congress, April 
loth, 1816, with a capital of f 35,000,000, the Government taking $7,000,000 of its 
stock. This gigantic institution commenced operations under the presidency of Capt. 
William Jones, in January, 1817. In 1820 the distinguished Langdon Cheves, of South 
Carolina, took charge of it and restored it from a languishing condition to one of great 
prosperity. The subject of the renewal of its charter coming up, it was drawn into 
the vortex of politics in 1833, and the deposits of the Governm_ent which had hitherto 
been made exclusively with this bank, were removed by order of President Jackson. 
The charter expired in 1836, and the Government purchased the building for its 
present purposes. Directly west of it is the 

POST OFFICE, 

which will continue in use until the new one, at the corner of Ninth and Chestnut 
streets, is finished. The present building is of a blueish shade of marble, in the French 
style, with mansard roof. Here nearly thirty-five million letters, papers and pamphlets 
are received and delivered annually, while in the contracted rooms, on the second 
floor, which contains also the U. S. District and Circuit Courts and the U. S. Marshall's 
office, a money order business of over three million dollars is yearly transacted. To 
the east of the Custom House, standing at the corner of Fourth street, is a fine marble 
building consisting of a portico of the Corinthian order, resting on a basement, and 
flanked by v/ings. The western portion, the interior of which is splendid in size and 
adornment, is occupied by the Western National Bank, chartered in 1832, with a 
capital of $400,000, and re-organized as a National Bank in 1864. The eastern por- 
tion is used by the Commonwealth Bank. South of this building, and fronting on 
Fourth street, will be seen the imposing iron front of the Provident Safe Deposit and 
Trust Company, and opposite the light and ornamental sandstone structere occupied 
by the Central National Bank. 

There are three conspicuous buildings on the north side of Chestnut, below Fourth; 



32 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



the first being the " Fidelity," of pure white marble, in the Italian style, which has 
become the repository of a vast amount of wealth. The solidity of this institution did 
much, to repress the great financial panic of September, 1873. It had at that time 
about five millions on deposit, and a relentless "run" was made upon it by frightened 
depositors. On the first day one million dollars were paid out ; on the second, nine 
hundred thousand ; and on the third day general confidence was restored, when the 
people found, instead of signs of exhaustion, the doors opened an hour before the 
usual time. The " run " ceased, and money hastily drawn out was as hastily deposited. 
The building contains many burglar-proof vaults, and its safe weighs one hundred and 
fifty tons, and cost f 60,000. Below it is the 

FIRST NyVTIONAL BANK, 
the earliest organized in the country under the Act of Congress providing a system of 
national banks. The front is of massive granite, with a clear height to the main hall 
of sixty feet. The institution has a capital of a million, with a surplus of five hundred 
thousand dollars. Two doors below it is an historic organization, whose early opera- 
tions are closely identified with the progress of the nation in its childhood. The 
Bank of North America was the first founded in the United States, being established 
by Act of Congress in 1 781, to relieve the public finances which, on account of the 
war of Independence, were very much depressed. To the joint exertions of this 
institution and one of its originators, Robert Morris, is due the credit of restoring a 
good circulating medium, and of saving the nation from threatened bankruptcy. The 
Legislature of tbe state, in 1787, granted its present charter, which has since been 
renewed. This bank commenced its career with coin sent out from France ; and the 
remains of the gallant frigate Alliance, the favorite ship of Commodore Barry, which 
brought it, are still to be seen at low tide on the southern shore of Betty's Island. In 
the centre of the square on the south side is the peculiar, though extremely ornamental 
building of the 




GUARANTEE TRUbT AND SAFE DEPObIT COMPANY. 



Chestnut Street. 



83 



The front is divided into three features, — a central building, having on either hand two 
large pavilions crowned with square, mansard towers. The prevailing architecture is 
Italian, and the various colored brick, with carved stone and encaustic trimmings, give 
it an exceedingly florid appearance. 

But in this square there is another building, — retiring from the noise and crush of 
the throbbiug life of a great thoroughfare, — which is not to be seen until the eye travels 
directly down the narrow court which leads to it. This is the venerable Carpenter's 
Hall, quaint and unassuming 
in appearance, within whose 
walls the first Congress, called 
by an oppressed people, com- 
menced on tlie 5th of Septem- 
ber, 1774, those deliberations 
which resulted in the achieve- 
ment of American Indepen- 
dence. The Carpenters' Com- 
pany was organized in 1724, 
and the structure, as it appears 
to-day, was commenced in 1770 
and not finished until the latter 
part of 1 77 1. During 1774 and 
1775 the Provincial Assembly 
occupied it, in addition to the 
First Continental Congress, and 
in 1777 a portion of the British 
army, then holding the city, 
was quartered in it. In 179 1 carpenters' hall. 

it was leased to the First Bank of the United States, and the large fire and burglar 
proot vaults, constructed for its use, were only recently removed. The hall has at 
various times been used for educational, benevolent, judicial and mercantile purposes; 
but it now presents almost the same appearance as when occupied by the memorable 
First Congress. It contains many interesting relics, among them being the chairs used 
by the officers of that Congress, its original j ournal, and many time-stained documents 
concerning the nation's early history. Over the President's platform, in the main 
cliamber, is inscribed : " Within these walls Henry, Hancock and Adams inspired 
the delegates of the Colonies with nerve and sinew for the toils of war," and over the 
main entrance to the hall, beneath an arch of thirteen globes, representing the original 
states, is an arrangement in gas jets of the words : " The Nation's Birthplace." 

East of Third street are 

jayne's massive granite buildings, 
erected in 1851-2, at a total cost of $350,000. The centre one is eight stories in height. 
Below it, upon the other side, is a brown stone structure used in part by the Bank of 




34 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



Commerce, and chiefly notable as being for a long time the banking house of the late 
John A. Brown, who, among other evidences of his liberality, gave, before his death, 
$300,000 to endow the Presbyterian Hospital, located in West Philadelphia. 

BARBADOES LOT 
has peculiar interest in American church annals. It was an open space attached to 
the large warehouse of the Barbadoes Trading Company, which formerly occupied the 
northwest corner of Second and Chestnut streets, directly opposite from where the 
omam.ental structure of the Com Exchange National Bank is erected. On this lot, in 
1698, the earliest Presbyterians and Baptists in Philadelphia, commenced a religious 
partnership, worshipping together for a long time in perfect harmony. In 1 704 they 
abruptly dissolved, not in the highest spirit of amity. 'The Presbyterians continued on 
the lot until the " Buttonwood " church was built, their first Presbytery being organized 
in 1706. About the year 1733 a division occurred between those who favored " a 
more ardent style of preaching, a higher evidence of personal piety in ministers, and 
new measures in the mode of making converts," and those " who adhered to the 
ancient usages and forms of Scotch Presbyterianism." These parties were called new 
lights and old lights, the former led by the Tennents and others who had been warmed 
by Whitfield's preaching, and the latter by Rev. Francis Allison. An open rupture 
did not occur until 1742, when the new lights seceded from the old Barbadoes Lot 
Congregation, and metfor a time in " Whitfield's College," occupying the present site 

of the Union M. E. 



Church, in Fourth 
street. The division 
was healed eventually, 
the two parties re- 
united and remained 
as one until the break- 
ing up into new and 
old schools, in 1S38. 
They have joined 
hands a second time 
with the promise of 
enduring peace. The 
original Baptist con- 
gregation, after their 
withdrawal, worship- 
ped for a long time in 
a Quaker meeting- 
house which waskind- 
LEDGER BUILDING. ly opcued for them. 

Looking west of the State House the eye encounters, on Chestnut street, many imposing 
structures. The Ledger building, at the corner of Sixth, — a handsome brown stone 





Chestnut Sti'eet. 35 

edifice, five stories in height and surmounted with a mansard roof, — is unquestionably 
one of the most complete newspaper establishments in the world. Below Seventh, 
on the north side, is a range of five granite stores valued at nearly three-quarters of a 
million, and belonging to the Jayne estate. On the corner stands Guy's Hotel, an 
elegantly appointed house, conducted upon the European plan. Diagonally opposite 
is the "Press" building. The old Masonic Hall, standing in the centre of the north 
square, between Seventh and Eighth streets, now comes into view. It has an exceed- 
ingly ornamental front of brown stone, in the pointed Gothic style, and for many years 
was the home of the Grand Lodge of this state and its body of satellites. 

At the southeast corner of Ninth street is located the 
CONTINENTAL HOTEL, 
without a superior in this country. It was finished in i860, at a cost of a million 
dollars, and has remarkably fine accommodations for one thousand guests. The 
building covers forty-two thousand square feet, is six stories high, main front of Albert 
and Pictou stone. It is filled with elegant parlors and corridors, and two suites of 
rooms, once occupied by the Prince of Wales and the Russian Grand Duke Alexis are 
marvels of interior decoration and upholstery. On the opposite side of Chestnut 
street is the Girard House, with a fine brown-stone front, relieved and decorated by 
balconies, and valued at half a million. Adjoining it on the east is a building of 
marble, beautifully embellished, which was occupied for many years by one of our 
largest jewelry establishments, in the hope of winning business to the north side of the 
street. The effort was not successful, the south walk continuing the principal 
promenade. 

On the eastern half of the square bounded by Chestnut, Ninth and Market streets, 
with grand fronts toward each, the 

NEW POST OFFICE BUILDING 
is being erected. It will occupy the site of the old buildings of the University of 
Pennsylvania, in which were located the Departments of Medicine and Arts. When 
the structure containing the former was projected, it was found necessary to tear down 
another to give place to it. In the work of demolition, at that time, this inscription, 
on a marble block, was brought to light : 

" This corner stone 

of the house to accommodate 

the President of the United States, 

was laid May loth. 1782, 

•ujhe7i Pennsylvania was happily out o/deht ; 

Thomas Mifflin then Goveinor of the State.'' 

Congress has limited the cost of the projected Post Office at four million dollars, but 

it is estimated that it will not be completed for less than six millions. It is to be of 

the French renaissance style, four stories in height and surmounted by a dome of grand 

proportions and composed wholly of iron. The material for the walls will be granite 

from the Dix Island quarries on the coast of Maine. The general dimensions will be : 

length, 428 feet; depth, 152 feet; height, to top of main cornice, 90 feet; to top of 



3Q 



Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 



dome, 184 feet; and the main front will look upon Ninth street. The first floor and 
basement will be entirely devoted to the Post Office, and the main working room of 
129 by 258 feet, will be the largest of its kind in the country. The second story will 
be occupied by internal revenue, pension and other government offices, while the 
United States Courts will be located upon the third floor. In addition to commodious 
stone staircases, two handsome passenger elevators will run to the top of the building. 
When completed it will be one of the most admired of our public ornaments. The 
"Burd" Block, at the southwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut, embracing three 
magnificent stores, is estimated at over half a million dollars in value. The superb 
new building of the 

NEW YORK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 

stands on the site of the old Keene mansion, at Tenth and Chestnut streets. It looms 

-^=_^_ _ up conspicuous above all 

^^ """^ ^" ~-=^— ~^^^^ _^ ^— ^ the adjacent structures, and 

'S—- ^ gs=-=s ^g^ strikes the eye as one of the 

~^& most brilliant products of 
~ — 3 architectural skill. The 

main walls are of Rhode 
Island light granite, and the 
style is the renaissance, the 
columns and decorations of 
the first story being Ionic, 
and of the second and third, 
Corinthian. The fronts are 
enriched with granite balus- 
trades, while in the centre 
of that on Tenth street is a 
sjDlendid projecting balcony 
with two pillars of highly- 
polished stone. All the or- 
namentation of the various 
cornices is rich and elegant, 
and the rounded corner at 
Tenth and Chestnut streets 
has a graceful effect. The 
grand entrance is in the 
centre of the Chestnut street 
front, the first story being 
reached by a broad flight of 

AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. grauitC StCpS. Thc cffcCt of 

the columns and pilasters, the arched windows and doorways with their varied embellish- 
ments, the balconies and the high-springing mansard roof with its pavilions, is sumptuous 




Chestnut Street. 



37 



and imposing. The structure is fire-proof throughout, and is furnished with all modern 
conveniences and mechanical appliances. Its entire cost was one million dollars, and 
no other edifice, devoted to the life insurance business, surpasses it in solidity or beauty 
of construction. "West of it, standing back from the street and reached by a vestibule 
paved with marble and walled with French plate mirrors, is 

THE AMERICAN THEATRE, 

costing over two hundred thousand dollars, capable of comfortably seating 2800 
people, and standing upon the spot formerly occupied by the old Academy of Fine 
Arts. Opposite are a number of marble buildings, of which that occupied by M'Callum, 
Crease & Co., for size and splendor, is especially notable. ' At the southeast corner of 
Twelfth and Chestnut streets stands the magnificent structure, with ornamental marble 
front, and pressed brick sides, owned by Samuel S. White, and principally occupied 
by Bailey's Jewelry store, one of the largest and one of the richest, in decoration and 
display of goods, on this continent. Adjoining it on the east is the white marble front 
of Robbins, Clarke & Biddle's Jewelry establishment, and below this the fine granite 
building of the American Sunday-school Union, an association formed in 1824, " for 
the concentration of the efforts of Sunday-school Societies in different sections of the 
United States, together with the diffusion of useful information by moral and religious 
publications, missions, etc." 

THE CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE, 

on the north side, above Twelfth, has been recently remodelled, greatly enlarged and 
beautified. The original building was commenced in 1862 and opened in 1863, under 
the management of Mr. William Wheatly, with Edwin Forrest as " Virginius." 
Among the principal lessees since that time were Laura Keene and E. L. Davenport. 
The theatre now will seat 2500 persons, and in its appointments, its stage machinery 
and adornment, it takes rank with the finest in the land. Adjacent to it is Concert 
Hall, a very large and well arranged place for amusement, and directly opposite are 
the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association./ The United States Mint — an 
institution that will well 



repay an inspection, — is lo- 
cated just above Thirteenth 
street. It was established 
by Act of Congress, of 
April 2d, 1792, the first 
direfctor being David Ritten- 
house, LL. D., who was 
appointed by President 
Washington, A. D., 1794. 
Work was commenced in a 
building on the east side of the united states mint. 

Seventh street, above Market, the first money — copper cents, — ^being coined in 1793. 
In 1794 silver dollars were made, and in 1795 gold eagles. The machinery as well 







38 



Ha7id-Book of Philadelphia. 



as the first metal was imported, great difficulty being experienced in obtaining a 
supply of copper. Up to 1816 the work of coining was entirely by hand, but in that 
year steam was introduced. Among the accounts foi 1792-93 were bills for rum, 
cider, hay and straw, and "for the care and feed of watch-dogs." Liquor was allowed 
in plentiful quantities as « a fatigue ration." The corner stone of the present building 
was laid in 1829, the structure was completed in 1833 and rendered fire-proof in 1845. 
It is in the Ionic order, copied after an Athenian temple. The portico is supported by 




PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 

six beautiful pillars, and is approached by a wide range of steps. The building is princi- 
pally of brick, faced in front with marble ashler. The steam engines and the apparatus 



Chestnut Street. 



89 




used in coining and milling are among the most intricate and costly in the world. It is 
estimated that over seven hundred millions of gold bullion have been deposited here. 
The most of the gold received comes 
from Montana Territory, though the purest 
specimens were from Georgia. The 
largest scale in use will weigh over six 
thousand ounces, and the smallest one- 
thirteen-hundi-edth part of a grain. The 
largest nugget which ever reached the 
Mint came from California, in 1852, 
and was worth $6000. The Mint con- 
tains a fine cabinet of ancient coin, some 
of which date to 700 years B. C. The the united states mint — interior view. 
only robbery ever pei-petrated was in 1854, by an employee, who was detected. 
Courteous ushers, from 9 A. M. to 12 M. each day, will show visitors through the 
establishment and explain all the details of the process of coining money. This is the 
main Mint of the United States, branches of which are located in other cities. It is 
largely engaged in re-coining money for other nations, principally for China and Japan. 
Directly opposite it is the building of the Presbyterian Board of Publication. It is in 
the flat-arched modification of Gothic architecture, and its granite front, set off with 
polished Aberdeen pillars, is quite imposing. The ground floor is occupied as a sales- 
room, the second story is used for the officers of the Board of Education, the Disabled 
Ministers' Fund, Trustees of the General Assembly, the various secretaries, and a large 
assembly room for the weekly meetings of ministers, and other purposes. The building 
occupies a lot 44 feet wide by 230 feet deep, and cost a quarter of a million dollars. 

Among the numerous noteworthy objects in west Chestnut street, we must not omit 
to mention the Colonnade Plotel, at the southwest corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut 
streets. The accommodations 
in this large west end hotel are 
not surpassed either in extent 
or in convenience eslewhere. 
John Crump, Esq., who erected 
this handsome building, is also 
its present proprietor, and the 
great success which has at- 
tended this effort to establish a 
first-class west end caravansery 
speaks more eloquently in its 
behalf than any description 
which we could give. The the colonnade hotel. 

mansion of the late Dr. 'Jayne, who left an estate of over two millions, is one of 
the most beautiful and expensive in Philadelphia. It is at the southeast corner of 








40 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



Nineteenth street, is wholly of marble, in a style exceedingly ornamental, and cost in the 
neighorhood of $300,000. In the square above it is the quaint old residence, long the 
home of Dr. Rush and his wife, who was the daughter of the late Jacob Ridgway, 
the millionaire. This venerable building, which is valued at f 150,000, is said to have 
been modelled after a section of the famous " Holland House," in London. The 
church of the Epiphany, the largest of the Episcopal denomination in the city, stands 
at the northwest corner of Chestnut and Fifteenth streets, and is rendered rich and 
imposing by a large portico in the Doric order. On the opposite side of Chestnut 
street is the Reform Club House. This club was organized, not as a partizan or 

political body, and its mansion is thrown 
open to the wives and lady acquaintances of 
members, on the same plan as that adopted 
by the Somerset Club of Boston. The 
house, which is of marble, is splendidly situ- 
ated and commands a pleasing view of a large 
garden, beautifully adorned with flowers and 
shrubbery, and in which a fine orchestra, 
upon pleasant evenings, is stationed. The 
club is one of the wealthiest in the city, and 
its present location cost it nearly two hundred 
thousand dollars. One of the most magnifi- 
cent of modern business palaces is the dry- 
goods establishment of Homer, Colladay & 
Co., on the south side Chestnut, above Broad. 
It is of marble, in a bold style of architecture, 
the central feature being a plate glass window 
forty feet in height. The property is valued 
at f iSo,ooo. The Tabernacle Baptist church, 
another ornament of the thoroughfare, rises 
from the north side, above Eighteenth, and is 
TABERNACLE BAPTIST CHURCH. exceedingly beautiful in its character and 

proportions. It was finished in 1848, and is filled upon all religious occasions with a 
very large and influential congregation. The spire, which is light and elegant in 
design, reaches to the height of two hundred and twelve feet. Chestnut street is filled 
with fine palatial dwellings as far west as Twenty -first street. 




The Eastern District. 
VII.-THE EASTERN DISTRICT. 



41 




IIaRROW Water street, intimately associated with Delaware avenue, is a 
great warehousing thoroughfare, bearing the occasional evidences of a once 
fashionable career. There are to be seen, crowded between huge store- 
houses, the patched up ruins of ante-revolutionary buildings. This bustling street, 
now thronged with drays and merchandise, was once a fashionable walk, and that 
portion lying above Arch street was the " court end " of the town. Front street, on 
the brow of the blufil", concerning which Penn had such esthetic notions, is lined with 
large buildings, with no pretensions of beauty, occupied in the wholesale liquor, woolen 
and cotton trade, which is here extensively transacted. Second street is one of the 
busiest thoroughfares of the city. From early morning until a late hour of the night, 
its unbroken range of dry goods, clothing, grocery, house-furnishing and notion 
stores, running from Washington avenue directly north for fully four miles, present a 
constant scene of activity and the incidents usual to a great and varied business. Old 
Christ Church stands on the west side, above Market. It was established in 1695, 
under the auspices of the Rev. Mr. Clayton. The 
original structure of logs, was one story high, with 
ceiling so low as to be easily touched by the hand 
of an upright person. The congregation, in those 
days, assembled at the sound of a bell which hung 
in the crotch of a tree. This same bell was some 
time afterwards sent to and used at St. Peter's 
church, on Pine street. In 1727 the nucleus of 
the present building was commenced, and in 1 73 1 
the eastern end, fronting on Second street, almost 
as it now appears to the observer, was erected. 
In 1753, by means of a lottery, of which Dr. 
Franklin was one of the managers, the steeple, as 
it stands 'to-day, was reared. The bells were cast christ church. 

in London, in 1754, brought over in the ship Myrtilla, John Budden, Captain, 
and put in place. They are the oldest in the city, and upon one of them is inscribed, 
" Christ Church, Philadelphia, 1754; Thomas Lester and Thomas Beck made us all." 
This is the first chime of bells, eight in number, ever brought to this country, with 
one exception, that being the chime of its venerable name-sake in Boston, which was 
brought over in 1 744. It is said that every time the Myrtilla entered port, subsequently 
to their importation, Christ Church bells rang a psen of welcome. Originally there 
was a bust of King George in bas-relief on the east front, but a local historian tells us 
that, " during the excitement of Revolutionary times, some brave patriots procured a 
ladder, and with a hatchet, left only the crownless trunk, as a warning to all future 
oppressors of the inalienable rights of man !" Some of the original communion 
plate, still we believe in its possession, was presented by the haughty Queen Anne. 








42 



Hand-Book of PhiladelpJiia. 



In 1772, Rev. Mr. "White, subsequently elected and ordained as the first bishop of the 
Episcopal Church of Pennsylvania, was here inducted as assistant minister. The 
Declaration of Colonial Independence was a trying event to the church. Established 
under the Church of England authority, and ministered by her clergymen, the war 
threatened the annihilation of her existence in this country ; but Providence turned to 
her greatest advantage what seemed her certain destruction. The first general con- 
vention of the Protestant Episcopal denomination of the United States, was held in 
Christ Church, in 1789, and by this convention was the original constitution of the 
church in this country adopted, Francis Hopkinson being the delegate from Pennsyl- 
vania. The property on which the present quaint edifice, — the design of Dr. Kearsley, 
— stands, was purchased in 1695, only thirteen years after the city of Philadelphia was 
founded. The bells ring out as sweetly to-day as of yore, striking with a religious 
melody upon the ear, and calling a new generation to the sacred place where Wash- 
ington, Morris, Penn, Ashton and other historic men gathered weekly to hear the 
word. The venerable pile was injured much by the work of 1836, when the old high 
square pews were torn down, and the paved aisles, with many ancient tomb-stones, 
were covered over with wood floors. 

The Commercial Exchange is located in a fine brick and brown stone building, 
on the east side of Second street, below Chestnut. The main hall, on the second 
^^^ ^^^ floor, in which the ship- 

^B^ pers and grain and flour 

^'^^ — " "^ "^^^ merchants congregate, 

— ^E^ is one of the most hand- 

some in the country, 
and is the scene of a 
daily exchange of values 
to the amount of half a 
million. The Philadel- 
phia branch of the Gov- 
ernment Signal Service 
Department is located 
in the tower and fully 
supplied with instru- 
ments for measuring the 
velocity of the wind, 
ascertaining the density 
of the air, etc. The 
building occupies the 
site of the " Old Slate 
COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE. Roof Housc,''^ crccted 

in 1700, and demolished in 1868. In it John Penn, "the American," was born ; in it 
General Forbes, the successor of Braddock, and the brave but eccentric John Lee 




The Eastern District, 



43 



died ; and in it resided, for a time, John Adams, John Hancock and Baron de Kalb, 
who honored the cause of American Independence at the Battle of Camden. Opposite 
is the massive fire-proof 

UNITED STATES APPRAISERS' STOREHOUSE, 

which cost a quarter of a million, and is built on the site of the Pennsylvania Bank, 
which went down in the crash of 1857. 

THIRD STREET. 

Third street, from Walnut to Market, is the " Wall street " of Philadelphia. It is 
a constant succession of banking offices, where an immense business in exchanges and 
stocks is daily transacted. Here, side by side with legitimate brokers, you find the 
stock jobber and speculator, — the "bulls" who become "bears," and the ", bears " 
who become " bulls," — whose modus is simply to raise the market when they have 
stocks to sell, and to lower it when they niust buy to fill contracts. Third street has 
witnessed some great crashes and more than one " Black Friday." North of Chestnut 
street is the Merchants' Bank, with a front in the Corinthian order, and ornamented 
by a fine portico. South of it is the establishment of the Drexels, one of the largest 
banking and brokerage firms in this country, with large branch houses in London and 
Paris. Across the way is the granite building occupied by Clarke & Co., extensive 
financiers, and adjacent the Philadelphia office of Pinkerton's Detective force. Below 
Chestnut, on the east side, is the Vandyke Building, appearing, for all the world, as 
one looks up, like a huge insect caught in a web. It is the central office of the 
W^estern Union Telegraph Co., and flowing from its cornice is a perfect confusion of 
wires. From this building radiate fifty-six lines to New York, eighteen to the West 
and forty-three to the South. Below it is the ornamental Tradesmen's Bank, and at 
the corner of Dock street, the Penn Building, erected in 1851, in the florid 
Italian style and chiefly notable as being the first edifice, in Philadelphia, constructed 
entirely of cast iron. A fine statue of the " Founder" ornaments a niche in the Third 
street front. Conspicuous at this 
point is the Philadelphia Ware- 
housing Company's building, at 
Dock and Relief streets, charac- 
terised by the Lombardian fea- 
tures of architecture, admitting of 
variously colored brick, sand- 
stone and encaustic tiles,and prin- 
cipally ornamented by a main 
doorway supported by massive 
columns of blue marble. Upon 
that triangular plot which is 
formed by the intersection of merchants fxchanue 

Walnut, Dock and Third streets, rises into fine view the Philadelphia Merchants' 
Exchange, which was commenced in 1832 and and finished in 1834. It is constructed 




44 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

• of the purest Pennsylvania marble, from designsby William Strickland, and its original 
cost was over three hundred thousand dollars. The rotunda, which is now the Board 
of Brokers' room, was originally covered with ornamental designs by the distinguished 
painter Monachesi. It is richly frescoed and handsomely furnished, and ought to be 
visited during the calling of the regular boards, when stocks are feverish, by any one 
desirous of acquiring a fair conception of a modern Babel. According to the annals 
of the city. Dock street, upon which the eastern side of the building fronts, was the 
bed of a flowing stream of water, on the margin of which once stood an Indian village. 
'The entrance to the rotunda is principally from the east, by two semi-circular flights 
of steps, guarded at the top by two enormous lions, exquisitely cut. The remaining 
portions of the building are occupied by Shipping, Insurance and Brokers' offices, and 
the exchange reading room, in which is also kept all the shipping news which concerns 
this port. The central object of the west side of Third street, between Walnut and 
Chestnut, is the imposing edifice of 

THE GIRARD BANK. 

This building, which has only recently been renewed, has a fine portico of fluted 
marble columns of the Corinthian order, with wings on either side relieved by pilasters. 
The entire front is faced with marble, save the cornice and pediment on which is 
graven in relief an American eagle, which are of wood. The capitols of the pillars 
are of lead. The construction of this edifice was commenced in 1795, and it is said 
to have been the first public building erected, with a portico and pillars, in Philadelphia. 
There is an entertaining history connected with this antique edifice. The First Bank 
of the United States was incorporated in 1791 with a view to its aid in "conducting the 
national finances," and its " advantages to trade and industry in general." The Insti- 
tution erected and in 1795 occupied tliis fine property, and the " Great Bank," as it 
was termed, expired, in 181 1, by its own limitations. Congress having refused to renew 
its charter. Stephen Girard, whose East India commercial enterprises had netted him 
a large fortune, purchased, through the Barings, in London, $500,000 of its stock, and 
not long afterwards, buying the Third street edifice and effecting an arrangement with 
its former cashier, Mr. George Simpson, he started a private bank in May, 181 2, with 
a capital of f 1,200,000. This, we are told, was a bold stake at the opening of the 
war with Great Britain, " yet the specie was never refused for a bank-note of Stephen 
Girard." It is further said, respecting this wonderful financier, that when the New 
United States Bank was started in 1816, he waited until the last moment before the 
subscription books were closed, and then inquiring if all that wished had subscribed, 
coolly took the balance of the stock amounting to $3,100,000. His own bank was 
continued until his death, when it had accumulated a capital of four millions. It was 
here that he was daily to be seen, personally attending to the minutest detail of his 
vast business as a merchant banker, and here was finished that vast fortune which is 
now a monument to his large-hearted liberality and benevolence. Upon his demise, 
under the provisions of his will, the building became the property of the city. It is 
now occupied partly by the Girard National Bank, originally chartered in 1833, with 



The Eastern District. 45 

a capital of five millions, but re-chartered in 1847, with a reduced capital of a million 
and a quarter; and partly by the City Treasurer and City Controller. Immediately to 
the north is the old Jay Cooke banking-house, of brown stone, and the offices of the 
Evening Telegraph and Public Record. The Evening Telegraph has been eminently 
successful from its commencement. It is now the only afternoon paper in the city 
which receives the Associated Press despatches, and its circulation is commensurate 
with its enterprise; To the south of the Girard Bank is the office of the oldest 
journal extant in America. The first public journal issued in Philadelphia was 
The American Weekly Mercury, established in 1719, by Andrew Bradford. The 
first daily newspaper published in the United States was the Pennsylvania Packet, 
issued weekly in 177 1, and daily in 1784. This paper eventually passed into 
the hands of Zachariah Poulson, who continued it under the title of The American 
Advertiser. In 1840, coming into the possession of the Hon. Morton McMichael, 
ex-Mayor of the city, it was merged into the present North American and Lhtited 
States Gazette, which is issued from the building we have indicated. A little 
further to the south we have the offices of the Sunday Mercury and the Sunday 
Dispatch. It may be said of the press of Philadelphia that it has always been liberal 
and progressive in tone, ably conducted by gentlemen of culture and high social 
standing, and characterized at all times by a professional couitesy and an avoidance of 
personalities which can be credited to few other communities. Venerable 

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, 

shrinking from the busy highway, stands below Walnut street, almost opposite the 
handsome light sandstone building of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. It was 
erected in 1760, under peculiar circumstances. Watson says, " St. Paul's Church was 
founded with the design of being more in accordance with the principles of Mr. 
Wesley's church conceptions ; " but the records tell us that it was constructed by a 
number of the congregation of old Christ Church, who had withdrawn from it because 
of the dismissal of the Rev. Dr. McClenaghan, " without sufficient cause." The 
ardent piety and peculiar style of Dr. McClenaghan having recommended him to the 
Presbyterians, eighteen of their ministers, in 1760, wrote a letter to the Bishop of 
London, who had jurisdiction over the Episcopal Church in the American Colonies, 
requesting that he should be reinstated in Christ Church. The Bishop, in his official 
capacity, knew no such order as " Presbyterians," and of course took no notice of the 
letter. It finally leaked into the English papers, and thence came to Philadelphia, 
where it excited raillery, explanations, apologies and satire, until it ended in a down- 
right controversy, which became famously known as " The case of the Eighteen 
Presbyterian Ministers ;" and old residents tell us, in their memoirs, that the jDamphlets 
were hawked about the streets, and that, at late hours of the night, the shrill voices of 
the newsboys could be heard crying out, " eighteen Presbyterian Ministers for a groat." 
Two lotteries were held " in Captain Goodman's storehouse," and helped this church 
enterprise considerably. The building is rough-cast, ninety by fifty feet, standing in 
quite a spacious lot, with ranges of vaults, covered with plain marble slabs, on either 



46 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 

side. In one of these lie the remains of Forrest, the Tragedian, near those of his 
mother and sister. St. Paul's has, we believe, ever since the secession of a part of 
the congregation from Christ Church, been an independent Episcopal body. 

At the southvv^est corner of Third and Pine streets, rising from a ground thickly 
studded with antique tombstones, is St. Peter's Church, a venerable edifice which is 
regarded aifectionately by every citizen. It was commenced in 1758 as " chapel of 
ease" to Christ Church, embracing many of its quaint and peculiar features. In 1760 
it was so far completed that the vestry of Christ Church resolved to give it two bells, 
and further decreed, in 1 761, that the new church should be called " St. Peter's," and 
that " it shall be under the same government, and in every respect upon and equal 
footing with Christ Church, and that the churches shall be supplied by the same 
ministers in such manner that neither of them shall enjoy or claim the services of any 
particular minister oftener than the other." In September, 1761, St. Peter's was 
opened for divine service. Rev. Dr. Smith preaching the dedicatory sermon. The 
structure cost £4765. During the Revolution it was for a long time in the possession 
of the British, and its wood-work was partially destroyed, to afford fuel for the soldiers. 
In 1784 the wall surrounding the church, as it now appears, was put up. The steeple 
is of comparatively modern construction, and is furnished with a chime presented by 
Mr. Wilcox, for many years an extensive China trader. The movement for the 
separation of these congregations was inaugurated in 1825, and effected in 1831. 
St. Peter's shares with Christ Church the pround name of being the garden in which 
were grown and nurtured some of the fairest flowers of the Episcopal clergy. 

On a number of cross streets, connecting Chestnut and Market, are located buildings 
which claim attention. 

THE EASTERN MARKET, 

on Fifth street, is one of the largest and most attractive in the city, displaying an 
immense stock of pure meats and fresh country produce. In a recess upon its front, 
scarcely fifteen feet square, is the smallest cemetery in the city, containing the remains 
of several families ; and across the way is a brewery, originally put ujJ a hundred years 
ago by Henry Pepper, and with the exception of a recent repair, to insure safety, looks 
as it did a century ago. 

THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE BUILDING 
is on the east side of Seventh, just above Chestnut. This institute was incorporated 
in 1S24, " for the promotion and encouragement of manufactures and the mechanic 
and useful arts by popular lectures, the formation of a library, with a cabinet of models 
and minerals, offering premiums on all subjects deemed worthy of encouragement, and 
by examining all inventions submitted to them." The membership embraces all 
persons from capitalist to artisan, who are friendly to the mechanic arts. The structure 
now occupied is plain and substantial, having a fine lecture room, in which discourses 
on all the sciences, illustrated by experiments, are annually delivered, and upon the 
second floor a library. The Institute has done a great work for technical science. 
Under its auspices a school of design for women was opened, and as early as 1837 a 



The Eastern District. 47 

signal weather service was projected by it and partly carried out. Its museum of relics 
contains the celebrated astronomical clock, constructed by David Rittenhouse, which 
of itself will repay a visit. The Journal of the Institute has a deservedly high repu- 
tation, and is said to be the oldest extant mechanical periodical published in America. 
This home of the sciences stands in the neighborhood of a cluster of newspaper 
offices, and almost opposite the Gas Department, in the second story of which is located 
the German Society, one of the best of our many charities, and especially designed to 
assist emigrants from the " Fatherland." 

On Tenth street, under the shadow of the massive pile dedicated to life insurance, 
is the popular Mercantile Library, which was organized in 1 821 by a number of 
merchants and bankers, with Mr. Robert Wain, a trader with the East Indies, as 
President. In 1825 ne\yspapers were first taken, and in 1826 the library was changed 
from an association of subscribers into a company of stockholders. In 1845 the 
company erected the building now standing at the southeast corner of Fifth and 
Library streets, which, finally becoming inadequate to its growth, was sold for $95,000, 
and the Franklin Market, now occupied, was bought and altered at an expense of 
nearly f 230,000. The building is 74 feet front and 184 feet in depth, and is one of 
the finest, for library purposes, in this country. It contains 95,000 volumes, all the 
principal papers of the country, a chess-room, with 24 tables, and has a membership 
of nearly 12,000. The Philadelphia Board of Trade occupies a fine room to the left 
of the entrance. Facing it is the 

ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, 
a dignified Gothic structure, the front consisting of two octagonal towers, 86 feet high, 
terminating in embattlements, and connected by a screen wall 30 feet wide and sixty 
high. The interior decorations are of the greatest beauty, and in the day-time they 
are enhanced by a flood of " dim religious light," which pours into the sanctuary 
through the many richly stained windows. Projecting from the north wall is a recess, 
which, at all ceremonies is lighted. It contains a magnificent monument to the Burd 
family, celebrated as one of the finest productions of the artist's chisel. The building 
was erected in 181 1, by the Methodists, who gave it the name of St. Thomas' M. E. 
Church, and occupied it for twelve years. It was then purchased by St. Stephen's 
congregation, and consecrated, and has since been used by it, the first rector being 
Rev. James Montgomery, and the present incumbent Rev. Dr. Rudder, whose ministry 
has been marked by great success. The towers contain a rich chime of bells, and 
the vocal and instrumental music at all the services is unexceptionally fine. 

Just below Chestnut, on the west side of Tenth street, is 

JEFFERSON COLLEGE. 

Philadelphia's reputation as a centre of medical training is world-wide, and her two 
principal colleges — Jefferson and the old University of Pennsylvania, — are nowhere 
excelled in the advantages they present for the pursuit of this physical science. Their 
degrees are most honorably esteemed by all practitioners and men of culture. Each is 
now the Ahna Mater of a vast alumni scattered throughout the habitable globe, in 



48 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

whose existence she finds the best recommendation of her exalted character. At the 
commencement of every semi-annual session the large list of matriculants, in both, 
Xill be found to embrace the names of students representing every country, from 
Labrador to Patagonia, and from Hawaii to Japan. Jefferson College was established 
in 1825, first as a branch of that at Cannonsburg, Pa., by the exertions principally of 
Dr. George McClellan, and the first sessions were held in the old Prune Street Theatre, 
which long since passed away. It had the good fortune to be supervised and con- 
ducted by men eminent both as educators and practitioners, and its progress was always 
sure and unusually rapid. The building, now occupied by it, was designed by Le 
Brun, one of the finest architects of his time, and whose genius is to be seen impressed 
in many of the most conspicuous ornaments in Philadelphia. The front is embellished 
by a hexastyle composite portico, the columns resting upon a high base, and being 
admirably proportioned. The interior is divided into an anatomical lecture room, a 
dissecting room, — large and well-ventilated, — and a museum filled with osseous, 
nervous, vascular, muscular, ligamentous and other preparations for anatomical 
demonstration. The clinical facilities of Philadelphia are unsurpassed, and the clinic 
of this institution is held in the highest esteem, as it presents to the student cases of 
every variety, from the rarest forms of disease and accident to those met with in the 
usual daily practice. Besides this clinic there are, in the city, nineteen hospitals, nine 
dispensaries and thirty-eight other charitable institutions which afford every facility 
for the practical study of disease and injury. The faculty embraces the names of men 
distinguished in medicine and surgery, and the cause of instruction is a combination 
of didactic and clinical teaching, which is the result of many years' experience. A 
magnificent hospital, projected by this institution, is soon to be erected. 

THE HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE 

was instituted in 1846, and is now regarded as one of the finest schools extant, where 
Hahnemann's principles are carried out. It is located on the north side of Filbert 
street above Eleventh, and has attached to it quite a large hospital ; while the 

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, 

among the first of Philadelphia's scientific schools, will be found in a modest building 
on the east side of Tenth street, below Race. It was founded in 1821, and incorporated 
in 1822, "to obviate a departure from the correct customs and established principles 
of the drug and apothecary business," and has succeeded in greatly elevating the 
standard of pharmaceutical skill in this city. The institution is well provided with all the 
latest inventions in chemical apparatus, and has a fine lecture room, cabinet and library. 

ST. JOHN'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, 

one of the principal edifices of the denomination in this^city, is to be found on the 
east side of Thirteenth, above Chestnut, and presents a large and imposing front in 
the Gothic style. Two square towers rise from either flank, the exterior walls being 
stuccoed ' in imitation of marble. The church was built by the late Archbishop 
Hughes, nearly fifty years ago, and was subsequently in charge of Archbishop Kenrick 
and the late Father Dunn. The interior of the edifice is rich in decoration, the 



The Eastern District. 4:9 

sanctuary being spacious and adorned by magnificent paintings, illustrating portions of 
Scripture. The building will seat two thousand persons comfortably, and cost, 
originally, one hundred thousand dollars. 

WALNUT STREET, 

east of Eighth, is filled with the offices of lawyers, conveyancers, brokers, shippers and 
coal operators, and an immense business, which admits of little parade, is each day 
quietly transacted. From Fifth street down, there is an almost unbroken front of fine 
marble, brick and brown stone fronts, conspicuous among which are the Franklin, 
Schuylkill Navigation and North Pennsylvania Railroad Buildings ; and looming up, 
in the vicinity of Third street, the towering white iron front of Peter Wright & Sons' 
shipping-house, which is become the general office of the American Steamship and 
Red Star trans-Atlantic lines. 

THE SKETCH CLUB. 

In the same building — No. 524, — where we find the Numismatic and Antiquarian 
Society, in the possession of a cabinet of rare coin, is the Philadelphia Sketch Club, 
which occupies a very high position in fine art circles. It was organized in 1861, by 
a number of young artists and students connected with the Academy of Fine Arts, and 
was originally intended for social intercourse and study among professional artists and 
amateurs. Since the dissolution of the Artists' Fund Society, the Sketch Club has 
been, and still is, the only art club in the city, holding its meetings once a week and 
engaging in off-hand sketching. Since the time when the Academy of Fine Arts sold 
its original gallery, — now some six years ago, — there being no longer afforded by it 
the usual facilities for study from the living model, this club organized a life class, 
which has been well attended. In addition to this they have given and intend to 
continue a series of lectures on artistic anatomy. Recently they issued a monthly 
publication of the sketches of the members, reproduced by the photo-lithographic 
process, and this enterprise excites the highest interest. The Sketch Club numbers 
among its active members a. number of distinguished artists, such as Daniel R. Knight, 
Howard Roberts, George F. Bensell, E. B. Bensell, Robert Wylie, A. F. Bunner, 
Milne Ramsey — the still life painter, — and A. B. Frost the well-known caricaturist. 
The achievements of Philadelphia painters have long been highly esteemed as models 
in spirit and treatment. Among her leading artists of to-day, in addition to those 
named above, are, P. F. Rothermel, historical painter ; George C. Lambdin and Felix 
De Crano, genre painters; marine and landscapes, James Hamilton, Wm. T. Richards; 
animal painters, Peter Moran, Newbold H. Trotter and Herman Simon; and portrait 
painters, Jas. R. Lambdin, S. B. Waugh and Charles V. Brown. John Sartain has 
long been celebrated as an engraver, and J. A. Bailly and Ploward Roberts as 
sculptors. Philadelphia has, in addition, a number of distinguished lady-artists. 

THE CENTENNIAL ROOMS, 

where is concentrated all the business concerning the approaching International 

Exhibition, and where the Board of Finance and the General Executive Committee 

are almost in constant session to digest and mature plans involving the outlay of 
D 



60 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

hundreds of thousands of dollars, are on the south side of Walnut, just above Ninth. 
Beyond, at the corner of Twelfth, we have the 

TENTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

commenced in 1828 and completed in 1830, and at the northeast corner of Broad, the 

DUNDAS MANSION, 

one of the most beautiful in appearance and location in the city. It is a mastic building 
with marble trimmings, having a main entrance through a rich portico. Its value is 
largely augmented by its situation, and by the magnificent grounds which surround it. 
It was originally erected by James Dundas, a meixhant and banker of this city, who 
was, by descent, entitled to the peerage in Scotland which he refused. The mansion 
is now occupied by Joshua Lippincott, Esq. 

THE WALNUT STREET THEATRE, 

built originally as a circus building in 1809, and remodelled in 1828 into the Olympic 
Theatre, stands at the northeast corner of Ninth and Walnut, and has been for years 
one of the most popular places of amusement in the city. It has a front of 90 feet, 
and a depth of 146, presenting from the main thoroughfare a facade in marble of two 
stories, with a range of Doric columns. The interior is arranged into orchestra, 
parquette, dress circle, balcony and family circle, having nearly fifteen hundred seats 
richly upholstered. The stage and scenery are among the finest extant. This is 
principally a " star " theatre, and has witnessed the renditions of the greatest modern 
tragedians from Kean, Kemble and Forrest, to Cushman, Janauschek and Ristori. 

WASHINGTON SQUARE, 

which fronts on Walnut street, between Sixth and Seventh, was one of the five original 
designs of Penn, remaining unimproved until 1 81 5, when it was laid out as a public 
walk. During the Revolution, when the patriot soldiers in Philadelphia were smitten 
with yellow fever, two thousand were buried in trenches on a line with the present 
Walnut street railing. The square was opened as a "Potters' Field," in 1704, and 
closed as a place of interment " for strangers/' in 1795. It was originally surrounded 
by a hedge, and there was for many years an enclosed lot noticeable in the centre, 
which contained the remains of Joshua Carpenter's family, one of whom committed 
suicide and was refused burial in a common church ground. In the centre, now, but 
not discoverable to the eye, is the first stone of what was intended to be a grand 
monument to Washington. It was laid as early as 1833, and no addition has since 
been made to it, though it is declared that v/hen the means in bond reach one 
hundred thousand dollars, the project will be realized. Surrounding the square are 
many places deserving attention. The Law Library, commenced by a few gentlemen 
of the Philadelphia Bar, in 1S02, and embracing now a rare collection of English, 
Irish and American reports, and a complete department of text books, digests and 
statutes of this and the mother country, is located on the second floor of the building 
at the southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut streets. The AtheiSseum Building is 
directly opposite the eastern entrance to the Square. It is in the Italian style of 
architecture, quite imposing in dimensions and pleasing to the eye. It was opened in 



The Eastern District. 51 

October, 1847, nearly two years having been occupied in its construction. The 
Athenaeum Association has its library — a very fine one, — and its reading and chess 
rooms upon the second floor. The first story is principally occupied by the 

BOARD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION, 

which has here a fine meeting room, with offices for its executive officers. The 
United States has become a country of schools, and Philadelphia has acquired the 
reputation of being the capital of this scholastic empire ; for, besides her scientific 
colleges, her theological seminaries and many private academies, she has a chain of 
401 public schools, with a registered membership of over one hundred thousand 
pupils, and an average daily attendance of ninety thousand. This army is exclusive of 
the attendance of nearly fifteen thousand men and women at the thirty-eight night 
schools which are opened each fall. The teachers employed numbered, m 1873, 1835, 
of whom 1663 were females, and the total value of school property was, in that year, 
roundly estimated at four millions and a half. The character in architectural display 
and internal accommodations of the schools of this city will compare most favorably 
with those of any other American or European community. The first in Philadelphia 
was opened in 1683, by Enoch Flower, shortly after Penn's arrival, whose terms were : 
" To learn to read, 4 shillings by ye quarter ; to learn to read and write, 6 shillings by 
ye quarter; to learn to read, write and cast accounts, 8 shillings by ye quarter; and 
for boarding a scollar, that is to say dyett, washing, lodging and scooling, £10 for one 
whole year." The earliest school-book published here was issued in 1675. I" the 
infancy of the public school system in this city, the "horn-book," was in general use. 
It was simply a long half sheet of paper, on which were printed the numerals, the 
alphabet and the Lord's Prayer. This paper was pasted on a thin board, terminating 
in a handle, not unlike a paddle, and over the printed matter was fastened a thin piece 
of transparent horn to protect the letters from obliteration. In those days ink was all 
of the teacher's home-made manufacture, out of nut-galls and rusty nails, the ink-stand 
was a cow's horn sawed off, and the scholars were supplied with quills, which the 
master mended while the boys and girls read. It is recorded of an ancient pedagogue 
in Philadelphia, that for four months, while he mended pens, his pupils read, 
" Nebuchadnezzar, the king, set up an image of gold," and nothing else. It is further 
reported that " leather spectacles were worn for slighted work, and a necklace of 
Jamestown burs, strung on a line, was used to help the pupils sit up straight." These 
reminiscences are pleasing now as we contemplate them in the presence of the stately 
improvements of to-day, and of which Philadelphia may fairly be proud. 

Directly opposite the southern entrance to the Square is the First Presbyterian 
Church, which was regarded as the most ancient organization of that communion in the 
country, until 1835, when the evidence of an older congregation was discovered at 
Rehoboth, on the eastern shore of Maryland. The earliest record of the present 
church dates back to 1698, the congregation worshipping then, in connection with the 
Baptists under Rev. John Watt, in a house on the " Barbadoes Lot," at the northwest 
corner of Second and Chestnut streets. By the aid of contributions from Boston the 



52 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia, 



" Old Buttonwood " church, at Market and Bank streets was erected, in 1729, and in 
August, 1772, the congregation was granted a charter of incorporation by Richard 




^<^^^ 



THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Penn, Esq., Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of the Province of Penn- 
sylvania, being rechartered in 1796, by the State Legislature. In 1819 removal was 
agitated, and the purchase of the present lot was advocated, because " it can be 
approached by the streets on all sides, and three walks through the "Square. It 
possesses all the advantages of light and air derived from a corner situation, without 
the usual disadvantage of noise, and it will be the most quiet situation, because a chain 
across towards the Square and another across Seventh street, will prevent any carriages 
fro??t coming within a square on the northern j eastern or western sides." The lot was 
secured in 1820, and the present edifice commenced. It presents a noble appearance, 
being 140 feet in length, 75 feet in width, and in the Ionic order of architecture, having 
towards Washington Square a fine portico. The main audience room, which 
comfortably seats 1300 persons, is surrounded by a wide gallery, having in the north 
end a powerful organ. The ceiling is arched at the corners, with a large gilded 



The Eastern District. 



63 



ventilator as its central ornament, and the walls are beautifully frescoed. Among the 
distinguished men who have here officiated were Jedediah Andrews, 1 701 to 1747 ; 
Rev. Francis Allison, D. D., Vice-Provost and Professor of Moral Philosophy in the 
College of Philadelphia, 1752 to 1779; Rev. John Ewing, D. D., Provost and Pro- 
fessor of Moral Philosophy, in the University of Pennsylvania, 1779 to 1S02; Rev. 
Jno. Blair Lima, D. D., 1801 to 1S04, and Albert Barnes, 1S30 to 1868. Perhaps it 
is needless, in a work of this character, to do more than remind the reader of the 
world-wide fame of the last named distinguished divine. By a life of unwearied 
industry, manifested among those who knew him best by a patient, humble and fervent 
spirit, combined with a deep insight and great literary ability, he engraved his name 
deeply on the memories of his people, and, by the numerous works which issued from 
his pen, encouraged and quickened the study of the Bible throughout the world. 

Opposite the northwest corner of the Square, is the splendid granite structure of 
the Philadelphia Sav- 
ings Fund, which was 
established in 181 6. 
The annual deposits 
in this institution 
amount to $4,500,000, 
and it has in its safe- 
keeping now above 
f 1 2,000,000 due the 
hard-working women 
and men of this city. 
Below, on the north 
side of Walnut street, 
is the brown stone 
building of the Penn- 
sylvania Bible Society, PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND, 

which was organized in 1809, for the sole design of circulating the Scriptures without 
note or comment, by sale to those able to buy, and by gift to those too poor to pur- 
chase. Before leaving Walnut street, one other worthy institution should not be 
overlooked. The Agricultural Society, located upon the second floor of the building 
at the southwest corner of Ninth street, was established by Robert Morris, Dr. Rush 
and Richard Peters, as early as 1785, and still survives, surrounded by innumerable 
sister associations. 

The grand old Pennsylvania Hospital stands in the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, 
Spruce and Pine streets, and in one of the handsomest sections of the city. Its 
establishment dates back to January 23d, 1750, when, through the appeal of Dr. 
Thomas Bond, associated with a few others, the Pennsylvania Assembly granted 
towards the charity two thousand pounds, to be paid over as soon as a like sum was 
privately subscribed. This was soon secured, and on the ist of May, 1751, a meeting 




54 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 







of the contributors was held at the State House, and an organization effected. Among 

the managers then elected was Benjamin Franklin, The charter, which was at once 

obtained, provided for "the relief of the 

sick, and the reception and cure of 

lunatics." The entire square, with the 

exception of a space in the centre of 

the Pine street front, is surrounded by a 

high brick wall, the pavement beyond 

being lined with trees. The cluster of 

buildings, as they appear from the south, 

present a quaint and venerable aspect, 

having an extreme length from east to 

west of 281 feet. The western wing 

was erected in 1796, and the central 

building, which is connected with either 

wing by large and commodious wards, 

THE PENNSYLVANIA HospiTAu was finished in 1S05. It is 64 feet front, 

61 feet deep, and has a cupola surrounded by a balustrade, 72 feet from the ground. 

The eastern wing was the first portion erected, the corner stone having been laid on 

the 28th of May, 1755. It bears the following inscription, written by Dr. Franklin : — 

In the Year of Christ 

MDCCLV 

George the Second happily reigning 

(For he Sought the happiness of his People,) 

Philadelphia Flourishing, 

(For its inhabitants were public spirited) 

This Building, 

By the bounty of the Government, 

And of many private persons. 

Was piously founded 

For the Relief of the Sick and Miserable; 

May the God of Mercies 

Bless the undertaking. 

In the centre of the south lawn is a bronzed leaden statue of William Penn, presented 

by his grandson, John Penn, in I Sol. Nearly one hundred thousand patients have been 

admitted to this Hospital since its foundation, and one half of this number were 

supported during their illness entirely by the institution. Previous to i S41 a considerable 

portion of the building was devoted to the care of the insane, but in that year the fine 

new Hospital in West Philadelphia was completed, and the transfer of patients suffering 

from mental diseases was then made. North of and adjoining the central building is 

an amphitheatre for clinical purposes, where, during the sessions of the medical colleges, 

the students gather in great numbers to acquire practice in both medicine and surgery. 

In that building which ornaments the centre of the Spruce street front, — originally 

erected for the exhibition of West's celebrated painting of " Christ healing the sick," 

for the benefit of the Hospital, — the Pennsylvania Historical Society is now quartered. 

This society, which is the custodiari of Philadelphia's most precious archives, was 



The Eastern District. 55 

originated in 1825. It was at first small in numbers, unimposlng in possessions, and 
without a habitation of its own, but it was confident in hope, zealous in endeavor and 
fruitful in good works. Books were brought together, manuscripts were sought for 
and rescued from destruction, and a scheme of large usefulness was planned and 
carried out. For twenty years it remained under the protecting shadow of the 
American Philosophical Society, and then it removed to the upper story of the 
Athenteum Building, and finally reached its present haven. It has now 600 members, 
a library of 1 2,000 volumes, a collection of almost 80,000 pamphlets, a gallery of 65 
portraits and 12 historical pictures, numerous engravings and manuscripts, including 
William Penn's collection, which was recently secured for $4000. Philadelphia was 
first upon this continent (in 1687-8,) to print the Holy Scriptures ; first (in 1689,) to 
maintain the liberty of the press against arbitrary power; and first, as far back as 1690, 
to establish a paper mill in the British Provinces. All three facts were known, of 
course, a hundred and fifty years ago, but the knowledge of all had, until recently, 
departed from the earth, and the honor, which in every case belonged to Philadelphia, 
was in the first one transferred to- Massachusetts, in the second to New York, and in 
the third to New Jersey. By the merest accidents imaginable in each instance has the 
truth been discovered and justice done through this society to the men and to the place 
to whom and to which it was due. Among the relics in the possession of the society 
is a vane, now regilded and surmounting the roof, which belonged to the old mill near 
Chester, which, in 1699 was erected with material brought from England. William 
Penn, Samuel Carpenter and Caleb Pusey were partners in it. Here also is to be 
seen one of the oldest printing presses in America, constructed by " the Spiritual order 
of the Solitary in Ephrata," and a number of books printed on it, as early as 1748. 
George Washington's Parisian writing desk, the Royal Arms of England, a symbol of 
sovereignty once displayed in the Court House which stood in the centre of Market 
street, near Second ; the stamp of March 22, 1765, which was preserved in the Tower 
of London, from the time of the early days of the Georges until 1852, when it came 
into the possession of this society; the "Great.Belt of Wampum," delivered to William 
Penn, at the Treaty of 1688, under the Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, which priceless 
treasure was bestowed by Granville John Penn. All of these and hundreds of other 
relics of antiquity are preserved by this institution. 

THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, 
chartered in 1789, "to advance the science of medicine and therefore lessen human 
misery by investigating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to this country," 
is located at the northeast corner of Thirteenth and Locust streets. It consists of 
Fellows, who are practitioners living in the city, and Associates who are distinguished 
physicians residing beyond its limits. The transactions of this body are exceedingly 
valuable to the sciences of medicine and surgery, and the Quarterly issued by it is 
highly esteemed by the profession. It was in this building that the dissection of the 
band which connected the celebrated Siamese Twins after their death was made, and 
settled affirmatively, in the opinion of the college, the long mooted question of the 



56 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

fatality of attempting any separation of the twins during their life. West of the 
college, on Locust street, is the 

MESSIAH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, 
a fine example of Gothic architecture, which was dedicated November 19th, 1S51. 
Pacing it is the Protestant Episcopal Academy, which, under the auspices of Bishop 
White, was established in 17S5, and revived by Bishop Potter in 1846. The building 
has a striking appearance, being constructed of red sandstone and characterized by all 
the features of the Elizabethan style. The students here pass through all the studies 
that are preliminary to their entrance upon a course of theologial study. St. Luke's 
P. E. Church is a prominent ornament of Thii-teenth street, just below Locust. It is 
a commodious and beautifully decorated edifice, having a commanding portico sup- 
ported by Corinthian columns, and approached by broad fights of steps. It was 
erected in 1840, Rev. W. W. Spear being its first rector. From 1845 until a few years 
since, Rt. Rev. Mark Anthony De Wolfe Howe, now first Bishop of the Central 
Diocese of Pennsylvania, occupied the pulpit, and under his distinguished ministry 
many missionary and benevolent enterprises were inaugurated. On Locust, at the 
corner of Tenth, is the 

FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH, 

embodying the prevailing features of the ancient Grecian temples. The first avowed 
Unitarian preacher in Philadelphia was Rev. Dr. Freeman, who commenced his career 
here in 1774. In. 1799 he founded a congregation, which rapidly increased, purchasing 
the present site in 181 5. The edifice, as it appears to-day, was commenced in March, 
1828. Rev. Dr. Furness, the pastor still officiating, was ordained in 1825. . A short 
distance south, on Ninth street, the stately proportions of the old Pennsylvania College 
Building fix the attention. The corner stone was laid in May, 1849, and the finishing 
touches were added in October, 1850. The building is 60 by 85 feet, and of five 
stories, having a front of brown stone, in the Collegiate Gothic order of architecture, 
relieved by two massive towers 80 feet high and crowned with a rich embattled parapet. 
The Pennsylvania College long since went out of existence, and a number of efforts to 
revive it, under different names, have only been rewarded with ephemeral success. 

Musical Fund Hall, on Locust street, above Eighth, was built in 1824, by a society 
founded in 1820, " for the relief of decayed musicians, the cultivation of skill and the 
diffusion of taste in music." The Hall, which seats 2000 persons, is constantly in use 
for balls and concerts, both vocal and instrumental. 

ST. Andrew's church, 
copied from the Temple of Bacchus at Teos, is to be seen on Eighth street, just above 
Spruce. The stately front is one of the most perfect specimens of the Grecian Ionic 
order in the city, consisting of a portico of six fiuted columns, supporting a heavy and 
elaborately ornamented entablature, and approached by a low range of steps, extending 
the entire length of the facade. The main entrance is through a panelled door, 
twenty-fiv_e feet high and fourteen feet wide. The interior of the edifice is relieved by 
a gallery supported by columns with palm-leaf capitals, and the design of the chancel 



The Eastern District. 67 

is unusually beautiful, being copied from the Temple of Minerva Polius at Athens, 
and enriched with all the pillars, pilasters and entablatures to be found in the original. 
The organ, — a very fine instrument, — is designed as a huge gilded lyre. This church 
has a very large sitting capacity, and is the one in which annual Diocesan conventions 
are held. The oldest dispensary in Philadelphia, founded in 1786, is to be seen on 
Fifth street, below Library ; and the oldest African church, — St. Thomas' Episcopal, 
built in 1793, — on the same thoroughfare, just below Walnut street. 

Philadelphia is now the centre of a vast and continually expanding railroad system, 
which extends to all points of the compass. It reaches to the ocean, threads the rich 
interior of our own state, pushes to the extreme north, commands the seaports of the 
east and northeast, fixes its termini upon the Gulf, spreads its iron net work throughout 
the great west and finally plants its feet on the shores of the Pacific. Starting from 
the North Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, on Berks street, the passenger may, via the 
Lehigh Valley road, reach Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Canada, without once changing 
his seat. Northern Pennsylvania and New York are, by half-a-dozen routes, within 
reach of the Reading Railroad, and by the almost endless combinations of that gigantic 
corporation — the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the vast interior of the North 
American continent is opened to the traveller who leaves its depot in West Philadelphia. 
We speak of this here, because the enormous business of these two latter organizations 
is concentrated on the east side of Fourth street, below Walnut. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY, 

now occupying the massive granite building at the south corner of Willing's Alley, 
which cost three hundred thousand doUai^s, was incorporated in 1846, and the late 
J. Edgar Thomson, the predecessor of Col. Thomas A. Scott, now President of the 
organization, supervised the construction of the road, from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, 
there being in existence then an imperfect line from the former place to Philadelphia. 
The through line was completed in 1S54. Twenty years ago the Pennsylvania Railroad 
was but a link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, but now it has its eastern termini 
at New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, uniting them by its own direct 
lines with all the cities from Chicago to New Orleans. It owns two thousand miles of 
completed road, upon which it runs eleven hundred locomotives, one thousand first- 
class passenger cars, and employs twenty-five thousand cars in its immense freight 
traffic. Its workshops cover five hundred acres, and its total assets of every nature 
are placed at nearly one hundred and eighty millions of dollars. Of the seventy 
thousand miles of railroads in the United States it controls 5933, and of the total 
railway capital of this country, which reaches the enormous figure of $3,784,543,034, 
it controls a little over three hundred and ninety-eight millions. These sums will give 
a fair conception of the vast business which is centralized in the granite pile on Fourth 
street. The 

PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD COMPANY, 

which occupies the fine brown stone building just north of Willing's Alley, was 
chartered in 1833, the original terminus then contemplated being Reading. The line 



58 Hand-Book of PhiladelpJda. 

has, however, extended beyond that point, and is justly regarded as one of the finest 
freight roads in the world. The first locomotive and train of this company ran over 
the entire line on the ist of January, 1842, the event being celebrated by a grand 
military display, and, as a local journal tells us, " an immense procession of 75 passenger 
cars, 2225 feet in length, and containing 2150 persons, with three bands of music and 
banners, all drawn by a single engine. In the rear was a train of burden cars with 
180 tons of coal, part of which was mined the same morning, 412- feet above water 
level." The company now owns 759 miles of track, leases 623 miles of track, and 
controls 57, making a total length of 1440 miles of line operated. The receipts of 
the road are over fifteen millions annually, and the value of its property is estimated, 
including coal lands, at over one hundred and twenty million dollars. 

Willing's Alley, which separates these two railway palaces, is a narrow thoroughfare 
of considerable historic interest, and there are still to be seen, fringing its northern 
front, a few small brick structures, put up before the incoming of the present century, 
and with almost their original cast of countenance. Back of them, and hidden from 
view, is the small high-pitched-roof structure, erected before the year 1700, and 
memorable as the first Friends' yVlmshouse in Philadelphia. 

ST. Joseph's church, 
— a name which, in the hearing of the Catholics of this city, awakens in them feelings 
of excusable pride and veneration, — shrinks from sight in the shadow of the Reading 
Railroad Building. Its walls are fragrant with the incense of a century's ceremonies, 
and have witnessed the labors of the beloved Fathers Vespure, Blox, Barbelin and 
De Maria. The church was founded in 1733, by the Jesuits, the lot of ground on 
which it stands being procured in that year, who erected first upon it a small wooden 
building, which was twice pulled down by the soldiers, under Colonial authority. The 
soldiers, when they came the third time to level the structure which had been re-erected, 
were invited by the Fathers into the building, who furnished them with refreshments 
and then advanced the plea that as the building was not only a church but a dwelling, 
there was a sufficient ground against its demolition by those opposed to the order. 
This plea was successful, and the soldiers attempted no more acts of demolition. In 
1821 old St. Joseph's Church was enlai'ged, and in 1838 the present building was put 
up, the original brick being replaced in the walls. It was in this sacred edifice that 
Washington and the members of the Colonial Congress assembled to return to France, 
through Lafayette, the thanks which so well she deserved for the aid she extended 
during the struggle of the Revolution. 

OLD ST. Mary's church, 
on Fourth street, below Willing's Alley, was erected in 1763, as a " chapel of ease" 
to St. Joseph's, and was enlarged in 1810. The office of the first Fire Insurance 
Company organized on this continent, — the Philadelphia Contributionship, dating from 
1751, — is still in profitable existence on Fourth street, just opposite Willing's Alley. 

THE OLD PINE, OR THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

formed in 1760, by a withdrawal of a number of families from the First Church, 



The Eastern District. 59 

obtained from Thomas and Richard Penn, in October, 1 764, the present lot of ground 
at the corner of Fourth and Pine streets. A small frame building was first erected 
upon it, near which, tradition tells us, Whitfield was accustomed to preach to assembled 
thousands. The present building was commenced in 1766, opened in June, but not 
completed until November, 1768. The church was designed to be held in perpetual 
union with the First, but this association did not continue long. Rev. George DuffiehJ, 
of Carlisle, became its pastor in 1771, and, in connection with Bishop White, was 
Chaplain to Congress. John Adams, afterwards President, was one of the most constant 
members of his congregation. During the Revolution the church suffered severely. 
It Was used by the British as a hospital, and after it had been stripped of its pews, 
pulpit and windows, for the purposes of fuel, it was turned into a stable for the horses 
of the dragoons. Dr. Duffield was with Washington during his retreat through New 
Jersey, and at the battles of Princeton and Trenton. So obnoxious was he to the 
enemy, that a prize of fifty pounds sterling was offered for his head. His remains now 
rest under the centre aisle of the lecture room. Among the distinguished pastors of this 
church were Rev. Jno. Blair Smith, D. D., 1791 to 1799; Rev. Archibald Alexander, 
D. D., 1799 to 1812; Rev. Ezra Styles Ely, D. D., 1813 to 1835; and Rev. Thomas 
Brainerd, D. D., 1S37 to 1866. Rev. Richard H. Allen is now pastor. Among the 
graves of distinguished men filling the church yard, is. that of David Rittenhouse, 
astronomer and signer of the Declaration of Independence. On Spruce street there 
are two notable churches ; that of the old Scot's Presbyterian Congregation, above 
Third, which was erected in 1771, and used as an army hospital by the British in 
1777 ; and that of the Spruce Street Baptist Congregation, above Fourth, which was 
erected in 1829, having a novel and pleasing elevation, flanked by cupolas. 

There is another precious relic farther down, which no visitor should fail to see. 
The first church built by the Swedes in this vicinity was erected on Tinicum Island in 
September, 1646. In the summer of 1677, a log-house was built on the present site 
of the venerable 

GLORIA DEI, OR SWEDES' CHURCH, 

in Swanson street, below Christian, near the Navy Yard, and this block -house, erected 
four years before the arrival of Penn's colony, was used as a refuge in times of trouble, 
and as a place for worship. The present edifice was dedicated July 2d, 1700, by Eric 
Biork. The general design of the building is cruciform, and the interior is exceedingly 
quaint. The gallery front is decorated by wooden cherubim brought over from 
Sweden. Up to 1731 the ministers were sent over from the mother country. The 
oldest gravestone in the yard is inscribed, " Here lyeth ye body of Peter Sandel, son 
of Andrew Sandel, minister of this church, who died April ye 21st, 1706," the 
material being soapstone, which seems to have withstood the ravages of time very 
well. Those who have read the memoirs of Alexander Wilson, the distinguished 
ornithologist, will remember that he wished to be buried in a spot where the birds 
might sing over him. His grave and monument are to be found in this old yard. 
The Philadelphia County Prison, which was first occupied in October, 1835, is 



60 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



located on Passyunk Road, just below Reed street, and consists of a massive centre 
building, with receding wings on either side, flanked by heavy octagonal towers, and 
having beyond these towers walls which terminate in bastions. The appearance is 




PHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON. 



that of a huge and almost invulnerable stronghold, rendered unusually conspicuous by 
the order of architecture employed, — the Tudor style of English Gothic, — much in 
vogue in the I5lh and 1 6th centuries. The walls are of Quincy granite. Upon the 
northern side is a brown stone structure in the heavy Egyptian style, which was 
formerly used as the Debtor's Prison. The annual commitments to this institution 
reach about fourteen thousand. Under the shadow of the rear wall, and back of the 
main wings, is the spot where all executions take place. Within a very short distance 
of the Prison, at the comer of Tenth and Dickinson streets, is the Church (R. C.) of 
the Annunciation, in the Gothic order, erected in iS6o. The interior is elaborately 
ornamented, each window being surmounted by the bust of an apostle, while the 
sanctuary is decorated by full length figures of the four Evangelists. The interior, in 
a word, is a finished work of art. At the corner of Eleventh and Catherine streets is 

a famous manufactory of pianos, 
owned and occupied by the 
Schomacker Piano Company. 
An immense number of instru- 
ments are here turned out every 
year, and shipped to all parts of 
3 the country. The Pianos of this 
Tjj house have always ranked among 
^1 the best, and have received nu- 
merous awards, wherever ex- 
^ SCHOMACKER PIANO FACTORY. hibited, over all competitors. 

Among the most prominent awards are, the Prize Medal of the Exhibiton of the 
Industry of all Nations, the Silver Medal of the Franklin Institute for Grand Piano, 
the Gold Medal of the American Institute, and again, the Prize Medal over all makers, 
at the last fair of the Franklin Institute, in 1874, and are endorsed by all the leading 
amateurs and artists. The great success and popularity of the Schomacker Pianos is 
mainly owing to their superiority and the moderate prices at which they are sold. The 
warerooms are at No. 1103 Chestnut street. 




The Southwestern District. 61 

VIII.-THE SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT. 




ROM Broad to the Schuylkill, south of Chestnut street, that section is one 
of the most beautiful and inviting of any in the city. It is filled with 
splendid private residences, Walnut street being especially grand in its long 
array of magnificent brown stone and marble fronts, varying in value from one hundred 
to two hundred thousand dollars. Prominent among these are No. 1510, residence of 
the late John Bohlen, who gave a large sum to the chanties of Philadelphia; No. 
1612, the splendid granite mansion of Henry C. Gibson, originally erected for Fanny 
Kemble, who became the wife of Pierce Butler; Nos. 1823 and 1829, the double 
fronts of Alexander and the late John A. Brown; No. 2009, a brown stone trimmed 
brick building, given by Philadelphians to General Grant, and No. 2128, the palatial 
marble home of George W. Childs. The row on north Walnut street, which imme- 
diately fronts on Rittenhouse Square, is conspicuous for its imposing structures. The 
magnificent new edifice of the 

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

rises from the southeast corner of Walnut and Twenty-first street, its architecture being 
a mixture of the French and English Gothic of the thirteenth century, and its walls 
embodying granite, Trenton brown stone, Cleveland sandstone, Washington red stone, 
Pennsylvania blue stone and Kilmarnock serpentine stone. The length of the nave is 
119 feet, breadth 58 feet, and height to the crown of the arched ceiling 60 feet; to 
the ridge of the roof 80 feet, and to the top of the spire 202 feet. The doors and 
windows are exceedingly ornate with pillars and tracery. The tympanum over the 
main entrance contains the text, " I am the door," and the monograms in Greek, " Chi 
Rho," the first two letters of the name of Christ, and the Greek letters " Alpha"" 
and " Omega." The pulpit is of the most beautiful design, consisting of a kneeling 
angel supporting a rich stone reading desk, formed of small columns and Gothic arches. 
This elegant work of art was presented by Theodore Cuyler, Esq., as a memorial to 
his father, the late Rev. Dr. Cuyler. The organ is the grandest in the city, costing 
$15,000. The edifice will seat 900 persons, was commenced in June 1869, and cost 
$200,000. Beyond it is 

ST. JAMES' CHURCH, 

for a long time associated with old Christ Church. At the northwest corner of 
Nineteenth and Walnut streets, in a position unsurpassed for beauty by any in the city, 
we find the church of 

HOLY TRINITY, 

whose auditorium among Protestant Episcopal churches is undoubtedly the most 
imposing and beautiful in this country, having been erected about fifteen years ago. 
It is of brown stone, and is valued at $300,000. Its first pastor was Rev. Mr. Vinton, 
who was succeeded by Rev. Phillips Brooks ; the pulpit now being filled by Rev. 
Thomas A. Jaggars. 



62 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



fe 



f^% 









FOUNTAIN, 
RITTENHOUSE SQUARE. 



Rittenhouse Square, delightful in its walks and ornamentation, is surrounded on 
all sides by the mansions of wealthy men. That of Fairman Rogers fronts it from the 
west, while on Eighteenth streetj opposite its eastern side, is 
the conspicuous and highly ornamental building now occupied 
by the family of the late Joseph Harrison, Jr. His estate 
owns nearly the entire square, and the yards of all the beau- 
tiful residences on Locust street are thrown into a magnifi- 
cently decorated park, which is common to all their occupants. 
This pr operty entire is 
valued at nearly one mil- 
lion. Mr. Harrison, who 
accumulated the bulk of his 
fortune of three millions as 
an engineer in Russia, was 

a liberal patron of the arts, , -- - ^ -.;' v-^ ~ 

and his late residence con- ^'^^^^^^^^'^^^^S^ss^^-^""^ 
tains, to-day, one of the Thomson's residence. 

finest private collections extant. Below, at the corner of Eighteenth and Spruce streets, 
is the fine mastic, marble-trimmed mansion of the late J. Edgar Thomson, who left 
an estate of nearly two millions, which, after the death of his widow and adopted 
daughter, who have life interests in it, will be used to erect and support a home for the 
the orphans of employees killed while in the service of the Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 
or in that of the companies which it controls. 

ST. mark's episcopal church, 
which rises into such grand proportions from the north side of Locust, above Sixteenth 
street, was erected in 1849, and consecrated with most imjDressive ceremonies on May 
2 1st, 1850. It is in the decorative order of Gothic architecture, and is exceedingly 
graceful in its outlines and beautiful in its ornamentation. It has an extreme length, 
from east to west, of 150 feet, with a breadth, including the tower, of 91 feet. In its 
construction, the walls within were smoothly dressed, and present to the eye no trace 
of mortar, but an extent and elevation of solid freestone. The appearance of the 
interior, with its lofty clere-story, its open timbered roof, its arches and pews, its 
chancel with its niches and magnificent altar, over which streams a flood of mellow 
light from the great east window, and the pews of oiled wood, resting upon a floor of 
encaustic tiles arranged in chaste patterns, presents to the eye a complete picture of rare 
architectural beauty, which is not to be excelled in America. The west window, filled 
with Mosaic patterns, which, in their deep stone settings, look like clustered gems, and 
having, below it twelve figures, emblematical of Scriptural events, is one of the most 
exquisite specimens of art, and its rich harmony gives an admirable finish to the entire 
structure. The tower is handsomely proportioned, rising a square of stone, with 
gradually receding buttresses, to a height of one hundred feet, supporting a spire whose 
finial is 230 feet above the ground. The congregation worshipping here is one of the 



The Soiithivestern District. 



63 



wealthiest and most influential in the denomination, and the services are grandly 
impressive, upon occasions when the extreme rites provided in the ritual can be 
observed. 

BETHANY MISSION, 

at Twenty-second and Bainbridge streets, constructed of Trenton brown stone, with 
Haldeman blue stone trimmings, is a handsome edifice in the quaint and picturesque 
Scandinavian type of Gothic architecture, whose title betrays its use. It will accommo- 
date 2S00 persons, and is used for Sunday-school purposes. 

There are two Government institutions located on Gray's Ferry Road, below South 
street, which are exceedingly interesting. 

THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL 

is just above the bridge, and is not what might be inferred a manufactury or repository 
of arms and munitions of war. It consists of four massive brick buildings, enclosing 
a court-yard, in the centre of which is a huge columbiad, the only apparent offensive 
weapon in the place, and its use is that of a vast tailoring establishment, where army 
uniforms are made. The first building contains a museum of habits, from Colonial 
days down, while the other structures contain hundreds of thousands of articles of 
soldier apparel. The Naval Asylum was built in 1832, under an Act of Congress 
which authorized the erection of naval hospitals, for the care of infirm and decrepit 
navy officers and marines. The main building has a marble front, 380 feet long, 150 
feet deep, three stories in height and approached by a flight of marble steps, upon the 
flanks of which are two field- 
pieces, captured at the battle 
of Saratoga, and two large 
marble balls, said to have been 
fired from a Turkish mortar, 
the largest piece of ordinance 
in the world, and brought from 
the Hellespont by the late 
Commodore Elliot. There 
are about one hundred and 

thirty worn-out sailors main- ^ _^^^^^^^^ - ^-- ^ , - ' 

tained here, who are supported the naval asylum. 

by the Government at an annual expense of $65,000. The Commodore's dwelling is 
situated north of the Asylum, on a knoll. The inmates of the institution are allowed 
the most perfect freedom, and embrace many heroes of the war of 181 2, and the late 
crisis. In the rear of the Asylum is a fine large building, costing nearly $200,000, 
erected for the care of sick and wounded sailors, during the Rebellion. The grounds, 
which are large and finely ornamented, are kept in the most perfect order. In the 
extreme southern section will be found the fine course of the Point Breeze Driving 
Park Association, incorporated in 1855, under whose auspices some of the finest displays 
on the American turf have been given. 




64 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 

IX.-THE NORTHERN DISTRICT. 



AVING concluded our observations in the southern section of the city, — 
forced, sorrowfully, to pass by a number of institutions deserving notice, — 
let us walk to -Arch street, which contains a number of places which the 
observer will study with much interest. Arch street is given up, almost entirely, to 
business, as far west as Tenth street. The wide roadway, and generally fine appearance 
of this highway, has attracted a large number of first-class stores. Buildings of great 
elegance have taken the place of the old Quaker residences, and large wholesale 
transactions are the order of the day, on localities where, not many years since, nought 
but domestic comfort reigned supreme. Among the handsome structures on this fine 
avenue, the handsomest and most imposing of them all is, probably, the new structure 

of Dr. J. H. Schenck & Son, at the 
northeast corner of Sixth and Arch 
streets. The building is constructed 
of iron, painted white, and is five 
stories in height, with mansard roof 
in addition, surmounted with towers, 
the architecture being very effective 
throughout. The building itself is 
sufficient evidence of the vast extent 
to which the business of this firm 
has been developed. The first floor 
is devoted entirely to the retail busi- 
ness, and is very elaborate and com- 
plete in its appointments. On the 
second floor are the various offices 
of the establishments, wherein cor- 
respondence is carried on with every 
schenck's building. part of the world, in a variety of 

languages; while the remainder of the building is given up to the manufacture of the 
medicines, furnishing employment to a large number of persons. The well-known 
Pulmonic Syrup, Seaweed Tonic and Mandrake Pills ; medicines, the names of which 
have long since become household words, and are sold in large quantities everywhere, 
are here manufactured, and are always increasing, by their many reported virtues, the 
prominence and jDopularity of the firm. The basement is fitted up with steam engines, 
boilers, vats and other heavy apparatus. The building has a frontage of forty-four 
feet on Arch street and eighty-three on Sixth street. 

From that magnificent cluster of architectural beauties at the intersection of Broad 
street, and extending to the edge of the Schuylkill, will be found many handsome 
residences, which, in their chaste exterior simplicity, convey to the mind a fair con- 
ception of the comfort and quiet which are within. 




The Northern District. 



65 



THE WEST ARCH STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

at the southeast corner of Eighteenth and Arch, will be admired for the splendor 
of its design and magnitude of its proportions. The section of the thoroughfare east of 
Broad is dotted with places that are historically noteworthy. At the corner of Fourth 
street, surrounded by a high brick wall, is the great 

MEETING HOUSE OF THE ORTHODOX FRIENDS. 

To the society of Friends Philadelphia must acknowledge an endless debt of gratitude. 
The substantial prosperity she enjoys to-day is in a very great degree the result of the 
people of this sect; and her almost boundless charities owe their existence to that 
prevailing sentiment of benevolence and liberality which, by their example and under 
their influence, has been propagated throughout the community. Before the settlement 
of the city, their meetings were held at the house of Thomas Fairlamb, near the old 
Treaty Elm, and as early as 1685 a large meetinghouse was erected on the eastern 
side of Centre Square, and was designed as a state and market house as well as for 
religious purposes. History tells us that in 1682 "the early Friends lived, many of 
them, in caves along the bank of the Delaware river, and first built a hut on the bank 
near Chestnut street, in which to worship." In 1695, the meeting house at Centre 
Square being considered too remote, another was erected on land given by George Fox, 
at Second and Market streets, and this was sometimes styled by the irreverent, the 
" Quaker Cathedral." William Penn is said to have spoken over the grave of the 
first person interred in its ground. In 1804 the present structure on Arch street was 
reared. The encroachments of business, 
by driving their residences from it, have 
made serious inroads upon the congrega- 
tion of this venerable place of worship, but 
still a fair number continue to gather in it. 
The Hicksite branch of the Society have 
a fine meeting house on the south side of 
Race, above Fifteenth street, having a front 
of 90 feet and a depth as far back as 
Cherry street. The building, which has 
a plain but handsome exterior, was opened 
in February, 1857, and cost about S|6o,ooo. Retiring from the street, and half hidden 
by large mercantile buildings, on the west side of Fourth, below Arch street, is the plain 
brick building of the 

UNION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The site of this edifice is said to have been that of a church where worshipped 
the first of the " New School" Presbyterians, who, under the influence of the revivals 
which followed the labors of Whitfield and the Tennents, withdrew from the First 
Presbyterian Church in i S40. The original building was for a long time the seat of 
the old Philadelphia Academy, which was merged into the University of Pennsylvania. 
The Union Methodist Episcopal Congregation then securing the property, erected the 




HICKSITE MEETING HOUSE. 



66 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



present house of worship, which, though plain, is commodious. Old Christ Church 

Burial Ground, precious with the dust of men distinguished in war, diplomacy, the 

arts and sciences, whose names are to be found conspicuous on the pages of our 

Colonial and early national history, is at the southeast corner of Fifth and Arch streets. 

It is surrounded by a brick wall surmounted by a coping, the end of each brick turned 

outward having been burned black, — a style of ornament peculiar to the last century. 

The first recorded interment here dates to the year 1700, five years after the purchase 

of the site of the church and burial place. Here were laid the forms, long since 

mingled with the mother-earth, of Peyton Randolph, President of the First Continental 

Congress, who was buried October 24th, 1775 ; of Francis Hopkinson, one of the 

signers of the Declaration of Independence, and of Major General Charles Lee, of 

whose final resting place no mark can now be found. In that remnant of the old 

ground which is still attached to the venerable church on Second street, may be seen 

the tombs of Robert Morris and Bishop White. The 

resting place of Benjamin Franklin, in the Arch street 

ground, was not visible from the street until 1858, when a 

portion of the wall alongside was removed, and an iron 

railing substituted. A new slab to the tomb was at the 

same time placed over it. Hundreds of travellers along 

this busy highway stop hourly to look with reverence 

upon the spot which covers all that is earthly of the 

great patriot and philosopher. The inscription upon the 

tomb is in accordance with the terms of his will, as 

FRANKLIN'S GRAVE. foUows : — " I wish to be buried by the side of my wife, 

if it may be, and that a marble slab shall be made by Chambers, six feet long, four 

feet wide, plain, with only a small moulding around, and this inscription : 

" Benjamin ^ 

and > Franklin. ' ' 
Deborah } 
178— 

The stone is carved according to his desire, save the date, which is 1790. The com- 
panion stone to that upon the philosopher's grave covers the remains of his daughter 
Sarah and her husband Richard Bache. After Franklin's death the following epitaph, 
written by himself, was found among his papers ; — 

" The body 

of 

Benjamin Franklin, 

Printer, 

(like the cover of an old book, 

its contents torn out, 

and stripped of its lettering and gilding,) 

lies here, food for worms ; 

But the work shall not be lost, 

for it will (as he believes,) appear once more 

in a new and more elegant edition, 

revised and corrected 

by 

The Author." 

If his will had not provided for another this would have been used. Among the other 

and more conspicuous monuments in this city, which keep his memory green, are the 




The Northern District. 



67 



Philadelphia Library, American Philosophical Society, Pennsylvania Hospital, Christ 
Church and the University of Pennsylvania. The records of the church state that 
Deborah was buried December 22d, 1774, and Benjamin on the i8th of April, 1790. 

THE apprentices' LIBRARY COMPANY, 

established in 1820, "for the use of apprentices and other young persons, without 
charge of any kind for the use of books," is situated at the southwest corner of Fifth 
and Arch streets, in an old building that, for many years before the incoming of the 
present century, was erected for the Society of Free Quakers. Since its commencement 
48,000 boys and nearly 20,000 girls have participated in its benefits. It is one of the 
best charitable associations in the city, and if it did no other good than to keep two 
thousand young persons annually out of the streets and unprofitable places, it has 
certainly accomplished a great deal. Going west, on the north side of Arch street, the 

ARCH STREET THEATRE, 

with a fine marble front, one of the most comfortable, and certainly one of the most 
popular in the city, comes into view ; succeeding it, above Seventh, is the beautiful 
brown stone structure used for the St. Cloud Hotel; at the comer of Ninth, Col. Wood's 
Museum ; at the corner of Tenth, two fine and complete colleges,- — the Pennsylvania 
and Philadelphia, — devoted to instruction in dental surgery; above, the handsome 
Opera House occupied by Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels, and opposite, the 

FIFTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

erected in 1823, combining in its facade a variety of orders of architecture, which give 
it a striking and pleasing effect. The street throughout will be much admired by 
every visitor. 

Logan Square, — occupying the same relative position to the northern section that 
Rittenhouse does to the southern, — a square which, during the war, held one of the 
most magnificent Sanitary fairs that the world ever 
beheld, is clustered about by buildings commanding 
in appearance, and absorbing in interest to the church- 
man, the scientist and the philanthropist. Rising 
above all, in solemn grandeur, its huge dome catch 
ing and entrancing the eye at a great distance, is the 
majestic Cathedral. It stands on Eighteenth street, 
facing the eastern entrance of the Square. The 
movement which led to its erection was inaugurated .„„, ,^,„ 

by the Most Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, D. D., flagstaff, logan square. 

Archbishop of Baltimore, who was Bishop of the Diocese of Philadelphia, from 
1842 to 1 85 1. After overcoming many obstacles, even after the lot had been pur- 
chased, which principally arose from the objections of the clergy to a site so remote 
from the centre of the city, he issued a pastoral letter, in June, 1846, informing 
them that he was about to commence the grand work he had in view. On September 
6th, of the same year, the corner stone was laid in the northeast corner, and consisted 
of a block of pure white marble, of one and a half tons, its sides being sculptured with 



4tt 



- -'l 







68 



Hand-Book of PJiiladclphia. 



crosses. Work was continued until 1857, when Bishop Kenrick being elevated to the 
Arch-Episcopacy, Bishop Wood succeeded him, and this distinguished divine carried 
the work to completion, the dedication taking place November 20th, 1864, As a 
memorial of this event a bronze medal was coined at the Mint, having on one side the 
inscription, "Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, begun 1846, finished 1864," with an 
interior view of the edifice on the i-everse side, and the words, " Tu es Petrus," as 
above the altar, and " Vas Electionis," as above the choir. The designer and original 




THE CATHEDI \l- 

architect was Napoleon Le Brun, and the aichitect of the facale was John Notman. 
The edifice is 136 feet wide, 216 feet long, and loij^ feet from the pavement to the 
apex of the pediment. The exterior diameter of the dome is 71 feet, and its total 
height over 210 feet. The interior of the Cathedral is cruciform, and designed in the 
most elaborate Roman Corinthian style. Unlike most buildings in this country there 
are no side windows, and all the light is introduced from above, which, taken in con- 
junction with the prevailing colors of the whole interior, resembling Paris stone, 
marvelously heightens the architectural effect. The fresco-painting of the Crucifixion, 
the four figures in chiaroscuro of the four Apostles, the four medallions in the corners 
of the dome representing the Evangelists, the painting in the crown of the dome of 
the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin into Heaven, and the illustrations in either 
transept of the Nativity of our Lord and the Adoration of the Kings from the East, 
give a magnificence to the interior of this noble structure which will compare most 
favorably with the Cathedrals of the Old World. The facade consists of a portico of 
four gigantic columns, 60 feet high and 6 feet in diameter, with richly sculptured bases 
and capitals, and on the frieze are engraved the words, " Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam." 
The structure cost upwards of a million dollars. Adjoining it is the residence of the 

Bishop, and the chapel. 

wills' hospital, 

in a recess from the line of Race street, looks upon the south front of Logan Square. 

It was founded by the late James Wills, who bequeathed for the purpose $108,396, 

having for its benevolent aim the cure of diseases of the eye and limbs. The building 

was commenced in 1832, finished and opened in 1834, and consists of qaint stone with 



Tlie Northam District. 



69 



external dimensions of 40 by 80 feet. Attached to it are fine grounds, and the situation 
is in every respect suitable. The structure was first put up as an asylum, where a few 
blind people could pass their declining years, and shortly after used as a hospital, in 
which, since 1834, 51,440 patients have been treated. 

The new home of the Academy of Natural Sciences stands at the southwest corner 
of Nineteenth and Race streets, the lot having a front, on the former, of 288 feet, and 
a depth, on the latter, of 198 leet. The architecture of the new edifice is that of the 
Collegiate Gothic, and the material used is serpentine stone with trimmings of Ohio 
sandstone. The north wing is now nearly completed, costing $125,000, with an 
additional prospective expense of $50,000, to fill it with cases for the cabinets. The 
estimated cost of the remainder of the building, completely designed but not yet 
commenced, is half a million. A word in addition to what has already been said of 
the collections. The herbarium of Rev. Lewis David Von Schweinitz, which he 
bequeathed to the Academy, was the result of forty years individual labor. The con- 
chological cabinet, equalled only by that in the British Museum, has recently been 
enriched by the addition of the West India collection of the late Robert Smith, 
consisting of thousands of specimens. Nearly one-third of the scientific treasures of 
this institution are boxed up, for want of room to display them. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF THE BLIND, 

founded in 1833, is at the corner of Twentieth and Race streets. It is a large, plain, 
but commodious structure, in which many long needed improvements have been recently 
made. Out of an increase of every two thousand persons in Pennsylvania, one is born 
blind, and as this is the only institution of the kind in the state, the applicants for 
admission are many. There is an average attendance of nearly two hundred pupils, 
many of whom came from other states, who pay liberally for their support. The 
Institution has literary, musical and work departments, in which the pupils are instructed 
according to their bent. The musical branch is supplied with a cabinet organ, a great 
pipe organ and 16 pianos, and the fine concerts given each Wednesday afternoon attest 
the skill of the students. 

At the corner of Twentieth and Cherry streets, just below thi n t tution, is St 
Clements Church, the one most given in the de- 
nomination in this city, to high ritualastic practices. 
It is an imposing edifice, with splendidly decorated 
nave, chancel and gallery, and upon all occasions 
it is filled with a large and fashionable congrega- 
tion. Franklin Square, designed by Penn to re- 
lieve the monotony of the old northeastern section 
of the city, once used as the site of a powder 
magazine, and in part, for a time, as a burial ground, 
is handsomely laid out with walVs intersecting in the centre, where a beautiful fountain, 
with a large basin, in all seasons, save winter, throws up its many jets of water. Facing 
it from the west is a splendid brown stone structure, with slenderly-proportioned 




ST. Clement's church. 



70 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




steeple and clock, in which a congregation, lineally descended from that which met in 
Old Zion's Lutheran Church, now assembles under the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Mann, 
D. D., one of the most eloquent and learned of German divines of the day. The 
earliest Lutheran church in Philadelphia was St. Michael's, erected in 1743, under the 
auspices of Rev. H. M. Muhlenburg, at Fifth and Cherry streets, and demolished in 
1873 to make way for modern improvements. A sister church was erected in 1766, 
at Fourth and Cherry, one square to the east, and both congregations affiliated under 

the title of " St. Michael's and Zion's 
Lutheran Church." Both buildings 



were used by the British soldiery during 
the Revolution as stables, and the 
younger of the two was burned down 
in 1793, but soon rebuilt. Under the 
altar of St. Michael's were interred 
five of the early pastors, whose remains 
were recently transferred to an appro- 
priate resting place back of the edifice 
on Franklin street. From the old 
FRANKLIN SQUARE FOUNTAIN. churchcs radiated many branches, 

whose commodious temples may be seen in various sections of the city. On Race 
street, just below the Square, is 

OLD ST. John's Lutheran [English] church, 
a fine building 67 by loO ffeet, of brick with marble trimmings, in the Roman style. 
The congregation long worshipping here has been exceedingly prosperous under the 
the ministrations of Rev. Dr. Seiss, and is about removing to the imposing structure it 
has erected at Broad and Arch streets. Opposite old St. John's is the arsenal of the 
National Guards, the drill room being one of the largest in this section. 

THE oldest METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

in the city, appears on the east side of Fourth street, just below New. Methodism 
was introduced into Philadelphia about the year 1767, by Captain Thomas Webb, who 
commenced its advocacy in a sail-loft near Dock and Front streets, and here was formed 
the nucleus of the first congregation. At the conference at Leeds, England, in 1769, 
an appeal was made for missionaries to America, and Richard Boardman and Joseph 
Pillmore consented, and were delegated by John Wesley, to come, and they preached 
in the present building in 1769, known then as <'Our Preaching House. Asbury 
named it St. George's, in 1781. There being no floor laid when the British army 
occupied Philadelphia, they used it as a riding-school. On Friday, March 23d, 1770, 
the first American love-feast was held in St. George's. At the southeast corner of the 
church is buried the remains of John Dickens, the first General Book Agent of the 
M. E. Church. Four of St. George's pastors — Francis Asbury, Richard Whatcoat, 
Robert R. Roberts and Levi Scott, — have been elected Bishops of the church. The 
present membership is about four hundred. Above this old structure, and upon the 



TJie Northern District. 



71 




opposite side of Fourth street rises the stately front of St. Augustine's Roman Catholic 
Church, relieved by and supporting a heavy tower, surmounted by a highly ornate super- 
structure, having at its base a fine clock. The exterior is 
chaste and simple, but within the view is of the most beauti- 
ful character, the sanctuary, a magnificent work of art in de- 
sign and execution, being a revival of that in the remains of 
the temple of Jupiter Olympus at Rome. Its main features 
are a dome, supported by columns of Scagliola marble, the 
capitals and entablature being richly carved and gilded. The 
original church was burned down m the " Native American 
Riot" of 1844, and the present structure was erected in 1S48, 
from designs by Le Brun. Returning to the vicinity of 
Franklin Square, we find on Franklin street, a short distance 
north of it, the First Moravian Church in Philadelphia, the 
establishment of which was due to the energy of George st. augustine's church. 
Lewis, Count Zinzendorff, a native of Dresden, who arrived here in 1741. He formed 
the first Moravian Society in the following year, whose original church was on Mora- 
vian Alley, now known as Bread street. The present edifice was commenced in 1855, 
and consecrated in the following year. 

When, in going north, we pass Vine street, we are beyond the limits of the city, 
as originally chartered. Here are miles of streets running north and west, forming in 
the main, perfect rectangles of solid brick residences, whose monotony is often broken 
by some more palatial and ambitous than the rest, or by a school-house, church, factory 
or store. Some old turnpikes, like Ridge Avenue, Germantown Road and Frankford 
Road, cut these squares into imperfect triangles, and to a considerable degree interrupt 
the usual regularity in design which has itself made for Philadelphia a name. A 
number of the thoroughfares, running between the rivers, are very attractive in their 
stores, and the beauty of the structures which are ranged on either hand. Such an 
one is Spring Garden street, having a width of a hundred feet. It was designed 
originally as a marketing place, but many of the plots intended to have been covered 
with the sheds have been changed into delightful parks, surrounded by ornamental 
railings, enclosing fountains, statuary and handsome shrubbery. 

THE NORTHERN SAVING FUND, TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY, 

incorporated in 1 871, occupies a highly-finished Quincy granite building, in the com- 
posite style, at the southwest corner of Sixth and Spring Garden streets. The main 
banking room, in size, elevation and ornament, is one of the richest in the city. The 
original cost of this edifice was $125,000. At the northwest corner of Seventh street is 

THE FIRST REFORMED CHURCH, 

chiefly notable for the beauty and size of the portico which conposes the main front. 
On Eleventh street, within sight of the thoroughfare bearing its name, is 

THE SPRING GARDEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

with an imposing portico supported by massive pillars, and forming in all one of the 



72 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



finest ornaments of that section. On the north side of Spring Garden street, above 
Eleventh is the prominent 

CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION, 
of brown stone, supporting two beautiful towers, and designed in the decorative Gothic 
order. The corner stone of this structure was laid in May, 1848, and its dedication 
was solemnized in 1849. The nave and sanctuary are enriched with beautiful allegories. 
Beyond this point we find old Spring Garden Hall, the meeting place of the Commis- 
sioners of Spring Garden, when it was an independent district, and across the way 

ST. mark's LUTHERAN CHURCH, 
the front of which is an excellent specimen of architecture in the Romanesque style. 
The thoroughfare widens west of Broad street, and from Seventeenth street to the 
edge of the Park rows of beautiful dwellings, which in appearance, will vie in beauty 
with those of any other section, make up a rich perspective. On the northeast corner 
of Seventeenth and Spring Garden streets the new 

girls' NORMAL SCHOOL 

is to be erected, having walls of brown stone faced and trimmed with blue and light 
sandstone, and surmounted by a heavy cornice and mansard roof. The building will 
have" accommodations for 1200 pupils, will contain an observatory and laboratory, and 
will cost nearly $170,000. At the corner of Eighteenth and Spring Garden streets is 
the handsome structure which is owned by the Fifth 
Baptist Church. This society has recently held its jubi- 
lee celebration, and is reported to be in a very flourishing 
condition. One of the principal features of this society 
is the attention given to its Adult Bible School, which is 
reported to be the largest of its kind in the city. The 
church edifice is valued at $150,000. At the comer of 
Twentieth street is the Spring Garden M. E. Church, and 
opposite another sacred edifice, in the Gothic style. The 
" Preston Retreat," founded by the bequest of Dr. Jonas 
Preston, is prominent in the centre of fine grounds, near 
Twenty-first and Spring Garden streets. The building is 
a very handsome one, and is now used as a lying-in hos- 
pital for indigent married women, the purpose for which 
the founder endowed it. Until 1866^ when it was put to its present use, the " Foster 
Home Association" occupied it. The "Retreat," from its elevated situation, and the 
beauty of its Doric portico and cupola, is justly regarded as not only one of the noblest 
of Philadelphia's charities, but as one of her finest ornaments. 

Green street, west of Broad, running to the entrance of Fairmount Park, is one of 
the principal drives, and upon any pleasaat afternoon will be found crowded with gay 
equipages. It is decorated by many costly residences, whose appearance is justly 
enhanced by their elevation upon plateaus. 

The Central Congregational Church, costing f 100,000, is situated on Eighteenth 




FIFTH B\PTI^T CHI rCH. 



Tlie Northern District. 73 

street. It was commenced in 1870, and promptly finished. Its length, exclusive of 
of the organ recess, is 90 feet, and its width 68. There is a clear height of 50 feet to 
the ceiling. The walls are of Fairmount stone, with brown stone dressings, and 
harmonize well with the adjoining chapel, built some years before. The edifice, 
providing comfortable seats for I lOO persons, is pleasant in outline and admirable in 
proportions. 

THE ALEXANDER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

is at the corner of Nineteenth street. It is a chaste specimen of Gothic architecture, 
surmounted by a spire over 200 feet high. 

Fairmount avenue leads from the Delaware west to the entrance of the Park, south- 
east of Lemon Hill. An effort has been long in progress, with slow success, to make 
this thoroughfare the leading avenue to that beautiful resort, and the changing of its 
former title " Coates " to its present one, was an inducement in that direction. The 
German Reformed Salem Congregation, have recently erected a highly ornamental 
house of worship, just below Fourth street. It accommodates 700 persons, cost 
$80,000, and sujDports a spire 159 feet high, containing four bells and a clock. On 
Seventh street, a short distance north of Fairmount avenue, is the 

SECOND REFORMED CHURCH, 

having, what is general almost in Philadelphia's sacred edifices, a portico, reached by 
a broad, high flight of steps. The first pastor who labored here was Rev. Joseph F. 
Berg, D. D., who finally became professor in New Brunswick Theological Seminary. 
His successor was T. De Witt Talmage, now of the Brooklyn Tabernacle. The 
present pastor is Rev. C. P. Masden, under whose care the congregation has greatly 
prospered. Philadelphia is the centre of chemical products in the United States. 
Covering almost an entire square, between Ninth, Brown and Wallace streets, and 
within sight of Fairmount avenue, is the immense laboratory of Powers & Weightman, 
the most extensive manufacturing chemists in America. Among their principal pro- 
ducts are sulphates of quinine, mercurials and morphias, while their business has a 
complete range of all medicinal chemicals. 

THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY, 

locally better better known as " Cherry Hill," from its situation, embraces an entire 
square, having its main front on Fairmount avenue, between Twenty-second and 
Twenty-third streets, and is the only exponent of the system of "separate and solitary 
confinement," we believe, in the country. Its establishment is traceable to the labors 
and investigations of the " Philadelphia Society for Relieving the Miseries of Public 
Prisons," and the results of its moral influence confirms the opinions of those who 
favor solitary imprisonment as a correctional measure. The Penitentiary consists of a 
high massive stone wall upon all the fronts, save the main, which consists of two 
square embattled towers 65 feet high, connected by a heavy screen wall, in which 
appears a huge door studded with bolts. Above this entrance an octagonal tower rises 
to the height of 97 feet. There are heavy towers at each corner, and a thick wall, 
with narrow, and strongly barred lancet windows, connects them with the centre 



74 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

buildings. Within, rising into prominence, is a large rotunda from which a number 
of wings radiate, like the spolvcs of a wheel. In these are the cells, to each of which 
is attached a small walled yard, where the solitary prisoner may enjoy the sunlight a 
few hours eveiy day. The institution was completed in 1829, and holds annually in 
confinement about five hundred persons. Dickens, upon his visit to this country, when 
embodying his reflections in the " American Notes," could " find no argument in favor 
of the system," here employed. It is safe to say that mania resulting " from the 
insupportable solitude and barrenness of the place," and suicides, are much less common 
here than in those institutions where the congregate system is observed. The Peni- 
tentiary was originally designed by the Legislature, in its efforts to reform the penal 
code, to hold convicts in " perfect solitude, without occupation of any sort;" but this 
was justly considered as the severest of all punishment, an outrage upon humanity, 
which the spirit of the age would not tolerate; as jeopardizing the health of the 
prisoner, and possibly result in rendering him an idiot or a madman. In 1829, therefore, 
the Legislature so far modified the plan by which the institution was to be governed, 
as to admit of occupation within the cells. Among the noted escapes from this Peni- 
tentiary was that of Col. Cross, the notorious forger, who signed the name of Secretary 
of War Stanton, to an order for his conveyance to Washington, that he might give 
some valuable information to the army ofificers. He was taken to that place, but there 
his plan was exposed and he was brought back. One of the most daring attempts was 
successfully made a few years ago by two negroes who managed to get down into the 
drain, and crawled thence into a sewer, passing a trap which, shutting behind them, 
prevented their return, and after plowing on all fours through filth for hours, managed 
to find a man-hole to the street and escaped. They, like the maj ority of rascals, returned 
to their old haunts and were recaptured. 

Girard Avenue chiefly, east of Broad, contains the unornamental but commodious 
and accommodating street markets. The lofty steeple of 

ST. Peter's catholic church, 
at the corner of Fifth street, can be seen from a great distance. This church is the 
most powerful in numbers, in substantial wealth, and never-ending enterprise in this 
diocese. It has been, from its organization, under the charge of the Redemptorist 
Fathers, a religious order founded by St. Alphoneus Maria di Ligouri, in Naples, about 
the middle of the last century. Their aim is " to labor for the salvation of souls most 
destitute of means of spiritual instruction," and St. Peter's has become, in consequence, 
the centre of great missionary effort. The erection of this imposing structure was 
begun in 1843, and Rev. F. Louis Carturyfels was the first father in charge of it. The 
present rector is Father Loewe Kamp, who has six assistant priests engaged in religious 
ministrations. As an illustration of the practical generosity of this church it may be 
well enough to state that when the great Chicago fire occurred, $3000 were realized at 
one collection from this congregation for the relief of the sufferers. St. Peter's is 175 
feet long, 78 feet wide, with a lofty and commanding elevation in the style known as 
the "Classic Roman." The tower is 215 feet high. Tlie large interior, capable of 



TJie Northern Distinct. 



75 




GIRARD COLLEGE. 



seating 2000 persons, is extremely attractive in its decorations, the sanctuary and its 

altars of colored marbles entrancing the observer the moment the threshold is crossed. 

The architectural grandeur of ^ 

GIRARD COLLEGE 

has become known the civilized world over. From any elevation in the city, its 
massive marble roof and its range of splendid capitals are apparent above the great 
level of house tops, forming to the eye, as its vision sweeps the vast area of the city, 
its most conspicuous ornament. The name of Stephen Giiard is spoken tenderly by 
every one, — philanthropist 
and beneficiary alike re- 
garding him as one of the 
noblest of men. He was 
by birth a Frenchman, 
emigrating while young to 
Philadelphia, and com- 
mencing with plodding in- 
dustry that splendid mer- 
cantile career which is yet 
the wonder of modern imi- 
tators. Upon his death he 
left the bulk of his great 
fortune to the city, for the erection of this charity, which has become his most enduring 
monument, and for improving the commercial sections of the city. By his original 
will, the site of the Institution was to have been the square bounded by Eleventh and 
Twelfth, Chestnut and Market streets, but by a codicil he designated the present 
location. The grounds cover 41 acres, and are surrounded by a high stone wall, 
strengthened by pilasters, and capped with marble slabs. The main entrance is from 
the south front, through a lodge, and introduces the visitor into a beautiful ground filled, 
before him, by the magnificent pile devoted to the cause of education, such as few 
countries can equal. Tiie general design of the main building is that of a Greek 
temple, having on each end eight columns, and on each side eleven, including those at 
the corners. The superstructure rests upon a basement consisting of eleven steps 
extending around the entire edifice, conveying an idea of great solidity, making the 
approach to each corridor easy, and greatly heightening the splendor of its appearance. 
This superstructure consists of a building iii feet wide, and 169 feet long, surrounded 
by a range of fluted columns, supporting on the sides a heavy and elaborate pediment. 
The order of architecture is the purest Corinthian which imparts both solidity and 
elegance. The columns are 55 feet in height, nearly 10 feet in diameter at the base, 
and surmounted by capitals 8 feet 6 inches high. The distance from the top of the 
capitals to the apex of the pediment is 34 feet, making the total height of the super- 
structure, with the bases of the pillars, nearly 95 feet. The main entrances are at the 
north and south fronts, each door measuring 32 feet high and 16 wide. Each flank is 



76 Hand-Book of PJiiladcJplda. 

pierced with 20 windows, four of which open into each room, and one on each of the 
flights of stairs. The building is floored and covered with marble, the entire weight 
of the roof being 969 J-4 tons. The building has three stories, used for school rooms* 
and is constructed throughout of marble, iron and brick, (not a particle of the latter 
apparent to the eye,) is singularly beautiful in whatever aspect it is taken, and has been 
erected in strict accordance with the will of its founder. It has a number of line 
marble out-buildings, each three stories high, 52 feet front, and 125 feet deep, faced 
with marble and roofed with copper, which are used as dormitories, and for the general 
accommodation of the officers, pupils and domestics. On the southern porch of the 
College, beneath a marble statue, by Grevelot, of the founder, lie his remains, and a 
room in the building, known as " Girard's Room," is filled with the books, desks and 
personal effects which his munificence has rendered precious to many eyes. The 
entire cost of the buildings, and of the improvements of the grounds, which are 
splendidly adorned, was $1,933,821 78, the maximum amount of the cost specified in 
Girard's will being two millions. The institution is supported from the income of the 
Residuary eState, " and if it continues to be properly cared for," say the Board of 
Trusts, "it will soon be ample to maintain as many orphans as the entire plot of ground 
can accommodate." During its existence the College has received as pupils 1800 
orphans and has indentured 780, all born in this state, the beneficiaries being poor, 
white, fatherless boys. There are now about 500 pupils in the College, the cost of 
whose support and instruction is about f 190,000 annually. Girard's residuary estate 
now amounts to over four millions, not inclusive of half a million " for improving the 
eastern front of the city from Vine to South streets." Opposite the southern entrance 
to the College is the 

HOUSE OF REFUGE, 

which was incoi-porated in 1826, for "the employment of the idle, instruction of the 
ignorant, and reformation of the depraved." The buildings are enclosed in a lofty 
wall, which has been scaled upon one or two occasions by some of the daring delin- 
quents. The new female department stands on a triangular plot just north of and 
connected with the main institution by an elevated bridge. All boys and girls are 
here taught, not only industrially, but mentally, so that upon leaving they have in 
themselves that which will secure for them an honorable employment. West of the 
"Refuge" is the plain but comfortable "Foster Home," organized to extend aid to 
respectable widowed parents, who, from adversity, are obliged to part from their 
children for a time, but desire to have them eventually restored. East of the 
" Refuge," is the German Hospital, a large and well-supported charity. 

Girard avenue, between Broad and Eighteenth streets, will be found beautified by 
rows of splendid mansions, prominent among which will be seen Green Hill Church 
and St. Joseph's Hospital, which is under the care of the Sisters of Charity. Here 
there is not a particle of sectarian feeling shown. Any man, be he papist, protestant, 
or infidel, if he is sick or injured, may find in it kind and careful attention. In view 
of the fact that Philadelphia is largely a beer-loving and ergo a beer-drinking com- 



The NortJieim District. 



77 



munity, the visitor is directed to that section which lies just north of Girard avenue, 
and along the Park limits, if he would see a wonderful aggregation of breweries, some 
of which are three hundred feet long and five stories high, covering vaults which 
extend for a great distance into the solid rock. No more comprehensive aggregation 
of the kind can be found in America. The brewing of this cherished Teutonic drink, 
and to which the average American stomach takes kindly, was introduced into Phila- 
delphia in 1840, the first brewer being George Manger, who produced some of a very 
inferior quality in New street, above Second, in 1844. Engel & Wolfe, one of the 
largest firms, constructed the first vaults. Now eight hundred thousand barrels of 
lager are produced in this city annually. The largest ale establishment is that of 
William Massey, at Tenth and Filbert streets, whose buildings cover an area of 200 
by 400 feet, tlie lowest of which are six stories in height. 

North of Girard avenue, and west of Broad, there are several places of interest. 
The Woman's Medical College, with hospital accommodations attached, is a most 
worthy institution, and has graduated many successful female practitioners. That 
massive briclc building, with high-pitched hip roof and beautiful chapel attached, at 
Eighteenth and Jefferson streets, is a home for the aged poor of both sexes, where all 
their wants are provided for, and is conducted by " Little Sisters of the Poor," a 
Catholic society which has done a noble work in the cause of charity. The Gethsemane 
Baptist Church, one of the finest in the city, stands at Eighteenth street and Columbia 
avenue, being constructed in the Norman or round-arch style, of Trenton brown stone, 
with lighter trimmings. It has a tower 20 feet square and 116 feet high. The interior 
in adaptation and painting, is exceedingly beautiful. The organ, with its pipes dis- 
played, has rare power and purity of tone. The growth of Philadelphia in this direc- 
tion is very remarl^able, a very large number of dwellings being erected every year. 

THE WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, 

at Seventeenth street and Montgomery avenue, designed as a first-class technological 
college, was founded by Piofessor Wagner, in 1855, who has given to the institution 
since that time, in apparatus, cabinets, and the means for the support of annual courses 
of free lectures, no less than $400,000. 
The scientific collection of the institution 
is rare and large, and the lecture-room, 
holding 1300 persons, is the scene, each 
fall, of able discourses on chemistry, palae- 
ontology, anatomy, physiology, botany and 
natural philosophy. At the corner of 
Seventeenth and Norris streets will be seen 
the Baptist Home, an institution founded 
for the purpose of a home for aged members 
of that denomination. The ground on which the Home is erected, was donated by 
James Page, Esq., and the property is estimated at $100,000. The building is an 
ornament to the neighborhood, and the institution reflects credit upon the city. 




BAPTIST HOME. 



78 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

GLENWOOD CEMETERY, 

one of the seventy-seven which are within the boundaries of Philadelphia, fronts on 
Ridge avenue, at the corner of Islington Lane, and contains a fraction over 22 acres. 
The grounds are laid out in beautiful designs, and contain, among the thousands of 
other remains deposited since 1850, those of 700 brave soldiers of the late war. The 
most noticeable monument is that erected by the Scott Legion to its comrades who fell 
in the battles of Mexico, Cerro Gordo, Puebla, Atlixco and Valley of Mexico. 

That heavy brown stone pile, in the peculiar style of Egyptian architecture, which 
you notice as you look down Islington Lane from the Ridge, is the entrance to 

ODD fellows' cemetery. 

This home of the dead covers 32 acres, and was first used on the 7th of May, 1849. 
Here are to be found many costly monuments, and the graves of hundreds of soldiers 
of the Rebellion. East of this point, on Hart Lane, near Twenty-first, is the 

MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, AND THE "POTTER'S FIELD." 

The former, for the care of persons afflicted with contagious diseases, is a long building 
of Cleveland brownstone, with mansard roof, consisting of a princij^al structure and 
wings. Here are treated small-pox, yellow fever, the various forms of typhoid fever 
and cholera ; if the patients are able, they pay one dollar a day for board ; if they are 
poor, no charge is made. In 1743 the first municipal " pest house," was erected at 
the mouth of the Schuylkill, and in 1800 the Lazaretto was established on Little Tini- 
cum Island. The Board of Health, which has supervisory control over both, and 
having its office now at Sixth and Sansom streets, was organized in 1794, establishing 
the first city hospital, in 1797 at the foot of Race street, on the Schuylkill. In 1810 it 
was removed to Nineteenth street and Fairmount avenue, on what was known as 
" Bush Hill," remaining there until 1855. The present location was the next selected. 
The " Potter's Field," is now filled with the unknown dead. Under the law, remains 
received here should be kept three days uninterred to await possible identification. 

Philadelphia is justly celebrated as the metropolis of manufactories, and owes this 
proud position in great part to the iron, the most important raw material, and to the 
coal, the chief agent in the production of power, which lie at her door ; and to her 
favorable situation, where she can command unrivalled means of communicationg with 
the interior of her own and foreign lands. Industrial establishments are to be found 
on every hand, covering entire squares of solid buildings noisy with the clash and groan 
of machinery; but their chief centre seems to be Kensington. Along the Delaware 
front are great rolling mills and extensive ship yards, while back of them, the vast 
factories are clicking all day with the rush of the shuttle and the loom. There is here 
so little display, and such an absence of turmoil, that the casual looker on would never 
realize the immensity of the business in progress. " In this world we want nothing 
but facts, facts, sir ! " exclaimed Mr. Gradgrind. Reader, pardon a few. 

THE AGGREGATE OF THE VALUES OF THE ANNUAL MANUFACTURES OF THIS CITY, 

is $15,000,000 more than the entire import trade, and more than $100,000,000 greater 
than the export trade of New York. The associate results of this manufacturing 



Wes^ Philadelphia. 



79 



interest are to be seen in Philadelphia's enormous business in coal and iron. According 
to the census of 1 870, tfeis city had 8339 establishments, representing a capital of 
$185,000,000; 1877 of which use steam power equivalent to 49,674 horse-power. 
They employed 92,112 men, 35,478 women, and 15,000 youths, paying annually 
$61,948,874 for wages, using f 181,000,000 worth of raw material, and producing 
yearly goods to the value of $334,852,458. And this was four years ago. It is esti- 
mated that Philadelohia's annual industrial product is now $425,000,000. 



X.-WEST PHILADELPHIA. 




EST PHILADELPHIA, occupying an elevated situation, is one of the 
most attractive sections of the city, blending as it does the beauties of both 
country and town. It is a location much sought after for private residences 
and par consequence it is filled with handsome edifices and delightful villas. That 
district which lies south of Market and west of Darby Road is decorated with 
splendid rows of brown and kindred sandstones ; while in others, the buildings 
break away into couples, relieved by bay windows, cozy porches and mansard roofs, 
standing in the midst of pleasant lawns. The residences of Drexel and Moorehead, 
the bankers, are on the line of Thirty-ninth street, below Chestnut, and are surrounded 
by beautiful grounds. That section which is above Thirty-second street, and north of 
Lancaster avenue, will also be found covered with exceedingly attractive homes. West 
Philadelphia is joined to the city proper by eleven bridges, of which four are within 
the Park limits. That at Penrose Ferry, completed in 1855, and measuring 600 feet 
in length, is near the confluence of the Schuylkill with the Delaware. Further up we 
have Gray's Ferry bridge, 550 feet, that on the line of the south extension of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, and the new South street bridge. This structure was com- 
menced in 1870, at a con- 
tract price of $800,000. It 
extends from South and 
Chippeway streets, on the 
east side, to the west side 
of the West Chester Rail- 
road, having a total length, 
with approaches, of 2419 
feet. The river span is 584 
feet, and consists of two 
permanent spans of 185 feet 
each, and a pivot draw with south street bridge. 

two openings, each of 77 feet, supported by a cylindrical cast iron pier. Chestnut 
street bridge, commenced September 19th, 1861, and finished July 4th, 1866, at a cost 
of $500,000, has a total length of 1528 feet. It is of iron, consisting of two spans, 389 




80 



Hand-Book of Philadelpliia. 




feet long, resting upon heavy piers, and in general design in an adaptation of the ornate 
Gothic. Market street bridge, a wooden superstructure resting upon two massive 

piers and abutments,having 
a length, over the water 
way, of 533 feet, has been 
standing a long time. In 
1850 it was altered and 
strengthened to admit of 
the transfer of freight trains 
over it. At the corner of 
Twenty-second and Market 
streets, may be seen a sim- 
ple granite obelisk which 
cHtbiM 1 STKKET BRIDGE. commcmorates the com- 

mencement and completion of this public work. Fairmount bridge, which has just 
talcen the place of the first wire suspension bridge constructed in the country, is to be 
a magnificent result of engineering skill. The main work and approaches, when 
finished, will extend from Twenty-fifth and Spring Garden streets to Thirty-second and 
Bridge streets, a distance of 2730 feet, the river being crossed by a single span of 348 
feet, having roadways upon lower and upper cords. Its estimated cost is .$1,200,000. 
The material is iron and granite. Each year there is agitated the necessity for addi- 
tional facilities for crossing the Schuyllvill, and tlie time is not far distant when a fine 
structure will bridge it on the line of every leading thoroughfare. 

West Philadelphia, south, is replete with places of general interest. The grand 
edifice, with its cluster of beautiful buildings, now devoted to the use of the University 
at Pennsylvania, is the conspicuous object on the line of Darby road. The main 
University buildings rise from " Academical Plill," and presents to the eye a splendid 
specimen of modern collegiate Gothic architecture. The bids for this structure were 
received in March, 1 871, and the contract was awarded to the Messrs. Struthers & 
Sons, for $231,900. The building has a front of 260 feet on Locust street, and is three 
stories in height, exclusive of the basement. The wings are each 102 feet deep. The 
exterior walls are of serpentine stone, with coping, buttresses and gables of Ohio stone, 
surmounted by highly ornamental towers. The main entrance is tlirough an ornate 
Gothic porch in the centre of the Locust street front, supported by columns of polished 
Aberdeen granite. The building is rendered imposing by its pavilions, recesses and 
towers, and is not, by any other in the world, excelled in the beauty of its outlines and 
proportions, or in its adaptability for the purposes of a grand scientific institution. It 
is the front of what is eventually to be a complete square of Gothic structures devoted 
to various uses. The medical department, facing Thirty-sixth street, between Spruce 
and Locust, while it has distinctive architectural features of its own, follows the main 
structure (for the accommodation of the deparment of arts,) in general style. In the 
basement is the laboratory ; on the first floor two large lecture rooms ; on the second 



Wcsf Fhiladelphia. 



81 



a general museum and an amphitheatre for six hundred students ; and on the third, 
room for the study of operative surgery and for dissection. The Hospital building lies 
due south of the department of arts, on a plot of ground given to the institution, by the 




city, upon the conditon that it maintained fifty free beds for the sick poor of the 

community. The State Legislature granted |2CXD,ooo towards this charity, and private 
F 



82 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 




84 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



subscriptions were received to the amount of 1250,000. The hospital comprises, in 
design, a central building with six pavilions, each of which cost one hundred thousand 
dollars. The main structure and one pavilion, at a cost of |200,ooo, have been 
erected and opened. It is contemplated to place on the remaining front of the square 



> 

H 
en 
Oi 

> 

O 

o 

a library building in harmony with those already erected, and when this is completed 
over a million and a half will have been expended in providing this seat of one of the 
grandest universities in the world. As early as 1 749 a subscription was started for the 
purpose of establishing an academy and charitable school in Philadelphia, and in 1 750 
they were opened, " for instruction in the Latin and English languages, and mathe- 
matics." The first literary honors were granted in 1755, under a charter secured that 




IVcsf Philadelphia. 85 

year, giving to tlie institution the title, " The College, Academy and Charitable School 
of Philadelphia," and authorizing it to confer degrees. In 1764 Dr. William Shippen, 
by a course of lectures upon anatomy, laid in this college the foundation of the first 
medical school in America, and he was in the following year appointed by the trustees 
Professor of that branch, Dr. John Morgan becoming Professor of the institutes of 
medicine. In 1768, Dr. Adam Kuhn became professor of botany; in 1769 Dr. 
Benjamin Rush was elected to the chemical chair, and Dr. Thomas Bond gave clinical 
lectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital. In 1779 a new charter, erecting the college 
into an university was granted by the Legislature, but through some disaffection the 
academy separated from it and remained a distinct institution until 179 1, when both 
reunited, establishing the organization under which the University has achieved its 
present standing. The institution has an annually increasing attendance in its depart- 
ments of arts, law, sciences and medicine, affording to the students of the latter the 
benefits of a rare anatomical and pathological museum, and of extensive facilities for 
clinical study. In order to preserve a memento of the past we present our readers 
with a view of the old buildings formerly owned and occupied by the University, on 
Ninth street, between Market and Chestnut streets. These structures were purchased by 
the United States Government to make room for the new Post Office building. 

BLOCKLEY ALMSHOUSE, 
— an extensive range of buildings for the accommodation of the poor, sick and insane 
of the city, lies just south of the University, and consists of four buildings, each five 
hundred feet long and three stories high, so arranged as to enclose a square. The 
main front is to the southeast, and is conspicuous for its elegant portico in the Tuscan 
order. Surrounding the institution is a large and well cultivated farm of 130 acres. 
The population of this immense almshouse averages 3000, 600 of whom are in the 
insane department, and 200 in the children's asylum. Philadelphia annually expends 
over four hundred thousand dollars for the support of this institution. The Phila- 
delphia Hospital located here was established as early as 1732. 

THE PRESBYTERIAN HOME, 

for widows and single women, — a building which cost over $100,000, — is situated at 

Fifty-eighth street and Greenway avenue. It will accommodate 200 persons, and is 

pleasantly situated, covering a large area of ground, and is well arranged for light and 

ventilation. 

THE EDUCATIONAL HOME FOR BOYS, 

chartered in November, 1871, and intended for the reception of orphan and destitute 

white boys of all creeds, from 3 to 12 years of age, has its building in the centre of 

six acres of ground on Greenway avenue near Forty -ninth street. In the vestibule is 

to be seen a marble thus inscribed : — " This tablet is erected by the Trustees of the 

Educational Home for Boys, in grateful recognition of the generosity of Mary Gibson, 

a liberal benefactor of this Institution, as well as to perpetuate the memories of her 

uncle, James Bartram, and her great grandfather, John Bartram, the earliest native 

American botanist, and the founder of the first Botanical Garden on this continent, 



86 



Hand-Dook of PhiladcIpJiia. 



upon whose lands this edifice is erected, 1S72." This home is designed to be used in 
connection with the Lincohi Institution, No. 30S South Eleventh street, for the care and 
education of soldier orphan boys. At Maylandville, on the line of Darby Road, is the 
Home for Destitute Colored Children, where they can be afforded the comforts of a 
home and the rudiments of a simple education, and whence, at a suitable age, they 
may be indentured to respectable families in the country. 
woodland's cemetery, 
one of the most romantic spots within many miles of Philadelphia, fronts on Darby 
Road, south of Blockley, with a walled front along the Schuylkill. It covers 80 acres, 
and is filled with sturdy oaks, tall poplars and trees of every variety, from which it 
derives its name. It is said that there are trees in this cemetery which have no dupli- 
cates in any other section of the United States. The property was once that of 
William Hamilton, a well-known Philadelphian, who, shortly after the Revolution, 
erected upon the ground a splendid stone mansion which has withstood the ravages of 
time until the present day, and continues to be one of the features of beautiful 
"Woodlands." The Cemetery Company, incorporated in 1 840, obtained the venerable 
Hamilton estate and commenced its adornment. Unlike most burial grounds, the 
visitor is not at its entrance confronted with mortuary decorations, or with any evidences 
of a grave-yard. The road winds for some distance through a vista of gigantic trees 
and carefully ornamented sward, and then for the first time opens to the vision a grand 

perspective of polished monuments 
glistening through the foliage. There 
are here interred 7250 bodies, and among 
the prominent objects are: the marble 
shaft, inscribed with naval insignia, over 
the grave of Commodore David Porter ; 
the grave of Admiral Stewart, who 
was nationally known as " Old Iron- 
side;" the monument to Lieutenant 
Greble, one of the earliest killed in the 
Rebellion ; a towering shaft of granite 
over the remains of Courtland Saunders; 
the graves of Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, 
Major-General Birney, and Perrelli, the 
celebrated musician, the shaft with 
Gothic decorations over the grave of Dr. 
David Jayne. The most elaborate pri- 
vate monuments are that of William H. 
Moore, a pure Gothic structure, with 
tower and pinnacles and splendid net- 
FiRST uAPTisT CHURCH, WEST PHILADELPHIA. worlc and traccry, and the mausoleum 
of the Drexel family, consisting of a white marble building, somewhat like a Grecian 




Wesf Pliiladelphia. 



87 



temple, the rich cornice and pediment of which are supported by Doric columns. 
"Within are niches which, upon the reception of bodies, are hermetically sealed up. 
There are quite a number of hand- 
some churches in this neighborhood. 
Among others we might mention the 
First Baptist Church of West Phila- 
delphia, at Thirty-sixth and Chestnut, 
the Catholic Church at Thirty-eighth 
and Chestnut, and the B e r e a n 
Baptist Church at Fortieth and 
Chestnut streets. West Philadel- 
phia contains an improvement which 
can, in its benefits, be realized but 
not seen. Mill Creek Sewer, along 
the bed of the creek of that name, 
is one of the largest, save Cohock- 
sink, which underlies the city proper 
and empties into the Delaware, in 
the country. It is 2650 feet long, 
20 feet in diameter, drains an area 
of 5000 acres, and has the capacity 
for discharging into the Schuylkill 
three hundred thousand cubic feet 
of water per minute. The water 

finds its way through it at the rate of bkrean church and parsonage. 

ten miles an hour. On the north side of Market street, above the Schuylkill, will be 
found the 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY'S DEPOT, 

and just east of it a huge grain elevator, having a capacity for a million bushels of 
grain. The Mantua freight station daily witnesses a freight business which nowhere 
else in the world is to be seen. The tracks here have accommodations for ten thousand 
freight cars, and thousands are constantly in motion on their way to the Delaware 
front, to Jersey city, to the South via the Junction road which tunnels Market street, or 
to the West. Haverford, Lancaster, Westminster, Elm and Belmont avenues, which 
run to the county line through this section, are ornamented by handsome residences. 
A prominent object north of Market street, is the 

PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 

whose early history is closely identified with that of the venerable structure on Pine 
Street. The present institution was established and opened for the care of the Insane 
in 1841, and now consists of 113 acres of beautifully diversified lawn and gardens 
filled with shrubbery and surrounded by a high wall, and having on the most prominent 
elevations two buildings of cut stone. The principal building, consisting of a central 




88 Hand- Bo ok of Philadelphia. 

structure with wings, having Doric porticos and an imposing dome over one hundred 
feet high, was commenced in 1822, and was not finished until 1S41. Since then 
another has been erected, and both, having separate pleasure grounds and inclosures, 
are respectively devoted to the care of male and female patients. The entire cost of 
these improvements was f Soo,ooo. The institution is often called " Kirkbride's,'' 
from the name of the Physician-in-chief. A visit here, rendered easy by the Marke^. 
street cars, will amply repay philanthropists and those susceptible to the charms of 
natural scenery. The mam edifices are commodious and imposing in dimensions and 
architecture, and from their domes a delightful view of the distant city is opened to 
the eye. There are here about 400 insane persons. The institution does not receive 
idiots, and special arrangements must be made for the care of the epileptic. 

THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, 

occupying the grounds and buildings, at Thirty-ninth and Filbert streets, given it by 
the late Courtland Saunders, and supported by an endowment fund, of which $300,000 
were given by the late John A. Brown, is an institution possessing great interest, and 
is worthy an inspection. The " Old Man's Home," is a short distance to the north, on 
Thirty -ninth street, and consists of a large building in the midst of spacious grounds, 
"for the shelter and care of old and infirm men." 

Dr. Kearsley, who designed the State House and Old Christ Church, founded by 
his will, in 1798, 

CHRIST CHURCH HOSPITAL, 

which stands near the Park limits, on Belmont avenue, " for the relief of indigent 
females of the Episcopal church." Large donations were made by Joseph Dobbins 
of South Carolina, including the square between Spruce, Pine, Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth streets, which was sold for $iSo,ooo, and at his death, in 1S04, at Charleston, 
be bequeathed " all his estate, real and personal, consisting of 126 shares in the Bank 
of South Carolina, together with other property amounting to about $60,000, to the 
poor and distressed widows supported by the bounty of Dr. Kearsley, in Christ Church 
Hospital." The institution was first opened at No. iii Arch street, subsequently located 
on Cherry street, and finally removed to the elegant brown stone edifice which now 
adorns Belmont avenue. 

ST. JOHN'S MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, 
located west of the Hospital for the Insane, occupies a fine brown stone edifice in the 
Tudor Gothic style, having an extreme length of 230 feet, and consisting of a central 
structure surmounted by a turret and cross, and wings. There are here about two 
hundred orphans who are under the charge of seventeen Sisters of St. Joseph. Ad- 
joining it is Cathedral Cemetery. The Orphan Society of Philadelphia, organized in 
1 8 14, and incorporated in I Si 6, has for its aim the rescue from ignorance, vice and 
idleness of destitute, helpless and unprotected children. In 1S18 a building at Race 
and Eighteenth streets was erected and occupied, and was destroyed by fire on the 
morning of the 24th of January, 1822, twenty-three of its inmates perishing in the 
flames. A new building was reared and occupied until a few years back, when the 



PVcs^ Philadelphia. 



89 




90 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

institution removed to its present place of abode at Haddington. The site of the 
Asylum is on the brow of a hill, commanding a splendid view of the surrounding 
country. It fronts towards the east, on Sixty-fourth street, above Lansdown avenue. 
Its cost was nearly f 70,000. Among the other noticeable benevolent institutions in 
West Philadelphia are the Burd Orphan Asylum, on the Delaware County Line, three 
miles west of Alarkct street bridge ; and the Industrial Home for Blind Women, at 
Thirty-ninth and Locust streets, " for friendless and homeless blind women, in which 
work is furnished." 

I THE SEMINARY OF ST. CHARLES' BORROMEO, 

incorporated in 1848, under the direction of the Lazarists, or Priests of the Congrega- 
tion of Missions, is located at Overbrook Station, on the line of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad. The building is constructed of light gray stone from the Westlake quarries. 
near Media, and is in the Italian style of architecture, having on the main, or south- 
eastern front, a main edifice with wings running from it and ending in two ornamental 
corner structures. A magnificent dome, with lantern and cross, surmounts the principal 
building, and at the end of each wing rises a belvidere, or small tower, each supporting 
a gilded cross. The entire front is 384 feet in length, and the depth 288. In the rear 
is a beautiful chapel, arranged in the style and with all the appointments of a cathedral, 
affording facilities for training the students in all the forms and ceremonies observed by 
the Roman Catholic church. The cost of this conspicuous improvement was f 350,000. 
One of the most beautiful churches to be found in the neighborhood of West 
Philadelphia is that at Hestonville, erected by the Methodist Episcopal denomination. 
We give an engraving of this truly ornamental edifice, on another page. 



XI.-THE SUBURBS. 




fUBURBAN PHILADELPHIA is everywhere charming. From the Dela- 
ware to the Schuylkill, embracing Bridesburg, Tacony, Holmesburg, 
II Frankford, Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Roxborough and Manayunk, the 
scenery of woodland and lawns and romantic glens, is everywhere enriched by 
beautiful villas and neat dwellings, where monotony is broken by gardens and shrubbery. 
At Bridesburg, through which Frankford creek runs to the river, we find 

A GREAT NATIONAL MANUFACTORY OF ARMS AND MUNITIONS OF WAR. 

Here are made millions of metallic cartridges, not only for this but other countries, 
and here we find, remote from all other buildings, one of the largest powder magazines 
in the country. In the lawn which decorates the apjaroach to the arsenal, are arranged 
many trophies of the Mexican war, and in a building some distance back of it is a 
museum of arms, in which everything in the shape of a gun, from the old flint-lock 
musket to the Remington rifle, is to be seen. Near the Delaware front are located the 
extensive machine works established in 1810, by Alfred Jtnks, now enclosing a hollow 
square and covering an area of almost 200,000 square feet. This was the first regular 



The Suburbs. 91 

manufactory of cotton machinery built in the country, and it is now the most extensive 
and important, employing nearly a thousand men. Near this, on the river, is 

THE NEW HOUSE OF CORRECTION, 

•which, when completed, will cost nearly a million and a half. It is for the confine- 
ment of paupers able to work, and for men and women convicted of misdemeanors. 
The building is of brown stone and the main design resembles the letter Y, the stem 
forming the principal edifice, containing a fine chapel, and the wings forming the 
angle. When finished, there will be three additional wings upon each side of the 
central structure, affording accommodations, in cells, for about 1500 inmates. 

Frankford is important in the world of cotton and woolen manufactures. It is 
covered with large mills, employing thousands of hands, which are noisy with the 
whirr and crash of machinery. 

CEDAR HILL CEMETERY, 

with its soldiers' monument, is an attractive spot. The Asylum for the relief of persons 
deprived of their reason, which is located on Adam street, was founded in 181 5, and 
has been ever since under the careful supervision of the Society of Friends. The 
buildings, in the centre of pleasant grounds, are plain but commodious, and contain 
now 90 unfortunates, who are supported by donations and regular subscriptions. 

THE HOSPITAL OF THE JEWISH ASSOCIATIONS, 

on Olney road, in the 23d ward, rises from a tract of land which embraces 15 acres, 
and produces an abundance of fruit and vegetables of great variety. The building is 
196 feet long and 45 deep, and is somewhat irregular in plan, being an adaptation of 
an old structure with the addition of a new one. It is used as a home for the aged and 
infirm, and as a hospital. The entire cost was $85,000. The style of architecture is 
pleasing, while no element of usefulness has been overlooked for the sake of mere 
ornament. 

GERMANTOWN 

is the principal and the most attractive of Philadelphia's numerous suburban 
districts. Its location is high and healthy, and the natural beauty of its topography, 
and its distance from the bustle and commotion of city life, have drawn thither many 
families of wealth and distinction, who have filled it with splendid mansions. The 
leading approaches to it, by the road having its name, one of the oldest turnpikes in 
this section, and by the Germantown Branch of the Reading Railroad, lie through a 
delightful country of hill, valley and slight stretches of plain. The residences along 
Main street. Shoemaker, Church and Rittenhouse lanes, will charm the observer by 
their variety from the simple brick to the villa more pretentious, with its vine-covered 
verandahs, bay windows, mansard roofs and slopinglawnscombining the highest effects 
of the gardener's skill. But Germantown's rural location does not, as the reader 
might suppose, carry with it the usual concomitants of a country seat, cheaper rents 
and cheaper food ; on the contrary, they are as dear, and, in many respects, dearer than 
in the central sections of the built-up city. Relative to its history, we learn that the 
first settlement of Germantown was made in 16S3, and that in 1689 the borough was 



94 Hand-Book of PliiladclpJiia. 

resort to the local sportsmen, — a long, black trestle-work, and a confusion of spars. 
This is Port Richmond, the great coal shipping depot of the Reading Railroad Company. 
There are 21 shipping docks, having a total length of 15,000 feet, and capable of ac- 
commodating, at one time, 250 vessels and boats. There are 23 shipping piers, having 
a total length of four miles and a quarter, and covered with ten and a half miles of 
single railroad track, in addition to the twenty-two miles of track which connect them 
with each other and the main lines. Upon these piers are run the cars, and by means 
oJ their trap-doors, the coal that has been placed in them at the mines is dropped 
through schutes, 169 feet long, into the holds of vessels for transportation to other 
sections. The storage capacity of the piers is 175,000 tons, and 2000 men are 
employed in effecting daily shipments of over 30,000 tons. The company employ in 
its enormous coal trade, among the hundreds of other vessels, six fine iron steam 
colliers, and it is now establishing a yard in the vicinity of the wharves, for the pur- 
pose of building enough more to make a fleet of fifty. The value of its works and 
property situated here is nearly four millions of dollars. Passing the establishment of 
I. P. Morris & Co., who give constant employment to six hundred men in the manu- 
facture of steam engines, we reach William Cramp & Son's ship yards. These are, 
perhaps, the most extensive in the United States, the clear water front being over eight 
hundred feet. During the war this firm was extensively employed in the construction 
of vessels of -war, and one of its most distinguished achievements was the New 
Ironsides, which, after rendering such conspicuous service at Charleston and Fort 
Fisher, and elsewhere along the coast, was burned to the water's edge while moored 
at League Island. The four powerful iron steamers of the American line, each of 
3100 tons and 1800 horse-power engines, were here built and successfully launched. 
From the moment this commercial enterprise was started, a new era in the iron ship- 
• building trade opened in this country, with its seat on the Delaware. It is now con- 
ducted with spirit aiid success, and to a degree which, if all the statistics could be 
obtained, would astonish the country. Within a year, vessels of over 6000 tons, and 
ranking first in size of all the merchant vessels of the world, and second only in 
dimensions to the Great Eastern, which is occupied in special service, have been 
successfully launched on this river. Below, Neafie & Levy's yards and shops appear, 
and then conspicuous the stand-pipe of the Delaware water works, which supply the 
northeastern section of the city. From this point we have a succession of rolling 
mills and forges, emitting great volumes of smoke, and employing thousands of men. 
Below Laurel street, running to Noble, are the vast lumber wharves, where nearly two 
hundred and fifty million feet are annually disposed of, not including a hundred 
million in laths, shingles and pickets. The principal trade done here is local, but a 
considerable quantity of lumber is exported to the West Indies and South America. 

THE MORGUE, 

where are received bodies of the unknown or unclaimed dead, is at the foot of Noble 
street. Here are held, by the Coroner of the county, iuquests in all cases of violent 
death, whether from a fall or an assassin's blow. Now we begin to encounter the 



The Delaware Front. 



95 



coastwise shipping; the Ericsson Line, of ten large sized propellers, running to Balti- 
more and New York; Clyde's Line, with all possible coastwise ramifications, and 




CLYDE STEAMER LEAVING PORT. 

comprising under one ownership over 60 fine steamers ; the Lorillard's steamers, and 
between Arch and Chestnut streets, the wharves of a number of fine river boats, among 
which the Edzvin Forrest, Tzuilight and John A. IVarner are the most noticeable. 




MAKICET STREET FERRY. 

At the foot of Market street we have the principal ferry to Camden, five minutes being 
the allotted time for crossing the river. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad has recently completed an improvement of vast im- 



94 Hand-Book of Pliiladclpliia. 

resort to the local sportsmen, — a long, black trestle-work, and a confusion of spars. 
This is Port Richmond, the great coal shipping depot of the Reading Railroad Company. 
There are 21 shipping docks, having a total length of 15,000 feet, and capable of ac- 
commodating, at one time, 250 vessels and boats. Theie are 23 shipping piers, having 
a total length of four miles and a quarter, and covered with ten and a half miles of 
single railroad track, in addition to the twenty-two miles of track which connect them 
with each other and the main lines. Upon these piers are run the cars, and by means 
oi their trap-doors, the coal that has been placed in them at the mines is dropped 
through schutes, 169 feet long, into the holds of vessels for transportation to other 
sections. The storage capacity of the piers is 175,000 tons, and 2000 men are 
employed in effecting daily shipments of over 30,000 tons. The company employ in 
its enormous coal trade, among the hundreds of other vessels, six fine iron steam 
colliers, and it is now establishing a yard in the vicinity of the wharves, for the pur- 
pose of building enough more to make a fleet of fifty. The value of its works and 
property situated here is nearly four millions of dollars. Passing the establishment of 
I. P. Morris & Co., who give constant employment to six hundred men in the manu- 
facture of steam engines, we reach William Cramp & Son's ship yards. These are, 
perhaps, the most extensive in the United States, the clear water front being over eight 
hundred feet. During the war this firm was extensively employed in the construction 
of vessels of ivar, and one of its most distinguished achievements was the A^ew 
Ironsides, which, after rendering such conspicuous service at Charleston and Fort 
Fisher, and elsewhere along the coast, was burned to the water's edge while moored 
at League Island. The four powerful iron steamers of the American line, each of 
3100 tons and 1800 horse-power engines, were here built and successfully launched. 
From the moment this commercial enterprise was started, a new era in the iron ship- 
' building trade opened in this country, with its seat on the Delaware. It is now con- 
ducted with spirit and success, and to a degree which, if all the statistics could be 
obtained, would astonish the country. "Within a year, vessels of over 6000 tons, and 
ranking first in size of all the merchant vessels of the world, and second only in 
dimensions to the Great Eastern, which is occupied in special service, have been 
successfully launched on this river. Below, Neafie & Levy's yards and shops appear, 
and then conspicuous the stand-pipe of the Delaware water works, which supply the 
northeastern section of the city. From this point we have a succession of rolling 
mills and forges, emitting great volumes of smoke, and employing thousands of men. 
Below Laurel street, running to Noble, are the vast lumber wharves, where nearly two 
hundred and fifty million feet are annually disposed of, not including a hundred 
million in laths, shingles and pickets. The principal trade done here is local, but a 
considerable quantity of lumber is exported to the West Indies and South America. 

THE MORGUE, 

where are received bodies of the unknown or unclaimed dead, is at the foot of Noble 
street. Here are held, by the Coroner of the county, inquests in all cases of violent 
death, whether from a fall or an assassin's blow. Now we begin to encounter the 



Tlie Delaware Front. 



95 



coastwise shipping; the Ericsson Line, of ten large sized propellers, running to Balti- 
more and New York; Clyde's Line, with all possible coastwise ramifications, and 




CLYDE STEAMER LEAVING PORT. 

comprising under one ownership over 60 fine steamers ; the Lorillard's steamers, and 
between Arch and Chestnut streets, the wharves of a number of fine river boats, among 
which the Edzvin Forrest, Twilight and John A. Warner are the most noticeable. 




IIAKKET STREET FERRY. 



At the foot of Market street we have the principal ferry to Camden, five minutes being 
the allotted time for crossing the river. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad has recently completed an improvement of vast im- 



96 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

portance to the city. It has, crossing the extreme lower section, tracks connecting the 
Delaware at Greenwich Point and Washington Avenue with its freight stations in West 
Philadelphia. Delaware avenue, or that fronting immediately upon the river having 
been widened, south of -Walnut street, by authority of Councils, the company has 
extended its tracks from Washington avenue north upon the newly-enlarged thorough- 
fare and into a huge depot. The character of this enterprise will be understood when 
we say that cars can be loaded in any portion of the West, Northwest, Southwest or 
South and transported to the wharves of the Delaware without an article in them being 
touched ; and when arrived they are only within a few yards of the vessels that may 
be required to convey their contents to other points. 

Below this point appear the oyster boats which daily bring thousands of bushels of 
the palatable moUusk from the lower Delaware, and the coves of the Chesapeake ; and 
the wharves of the Southern Mail Steamship Company, and of the Albany, Providence 
and Boston Lines. You may wish to know something of this spot of verdure in the 
middle of the Delaware. That is 

smith's island, 
and that little double-hulled craft, the John Sniith, will convey you thither for a moiety. 
Here a summer-garden, with variegated lights ; the refreshing cup and invigorating 
bath and a side show, woo the young and old after the day's labor. The point south 
of it, and separated by the Ferry Channel, is 

WINDMILL ISLAND, 

taking its name from a windmill which John Harding constructed upon it in 1 746. 
There is at the southernmost extremity a weak imitation of Smith's elysium. The 
massive sugar refinery of Harrison, Havemeyer & Co., at the foot of Bainbridge 
street, is one of the most noticeable objects along the river. At the foot of Christian 
street and Washington avenue are the great docks of the 

AMERICAN AND RED STAR LINE STEAMERS. 

The former consists of six vessels, the Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Abhois- 
ford and Kenilworth, and has a weekly dej^arture for Queenstown, with cargoes 
averaging two hundred thousand dollars in value. The latter line has a number of its 
vessels still in the stocks, with only two, the Nederland and Vaderland, in operation, 
their port of destination in Europe being Antwerp. Back of these docks is the 




NAVY YARD AND DOCK OF AMERICAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 

Pennsylvania Railroad Elevator, having a capacity of nearly a half million bushels of 
gram, with excellent facilities for shipment. Our view of the Delaware presents these 



The Delaware Front. 97 

wharves, a steamer approaching them, and the lofty ship-houses of the Navy Yard. 
This yard, which covers 1 8 acres, was purchased by the Government in iSoi, for 
f 37,500. It has admirably supplied the needs of the country, and is now valued at 
two millions, — a very good investment in real estate. By Act of Assembly, of 181S, 
no street is to be cut through it while used as a naval depot, and in that year it was 
enclosed by the present wall, which separates it from the surrounding district. The 
most prominent objects are the two ship-houses. The main one is 270 feet long, 103, 
feet high, and 85 feet wide. Its associate is 210 feet long, 80 feet high, and 70 feet 
wide. In these some of the finest vessels ever sent out under the American flag were 
built, and not one failed from bad construction or inferior material. It has been well 
said, " the history of the Yard has been a succession of successes." Many of the 
principal vessels now in service were built here, as were many of the grand old "ships- 
of-the-line," in use before iron-clads were conceived, among them being the Pennsyl- 
vania, 120 guns, 3241 tons, in 1837; ^o. North Carolina, 84 guns, 2635 tons, in 1820; 
the Wabash, (still in service,) 40 guns, 3200 tons, in 1855; the Princeto7t, celebrated 
in her day as the swiftest vessel, and for her service at Vera Cruz, and now a receiving 
ship ; the Arctic, memorable for her connection with the Kane Expedition, and the 
Congress, which conveyed the last exploring party to the ice-bound regions of the 
North. Among the improvemeuts at the Yard are moulding lofts, for modelling ships 
of war, wliich are the largest in the country. The basin, into which vessels for repair 
are admitted, is 350 feet long, 226 wide, and enclosed, except on the river front, by a 
wall of granite. This work, which was commenced in 1849, was cornpleted by 
Colonel Burnett, United States Engineer, at a cost of $400,000. There is in use here 
a huge sectional floating dock, wliich was towed to the Navy Yard in 1 85 2, after a 
service of nine years at the Brooklyn Yard. It consists of nine sections, having a total 
length of 270 feet, and can support the largest vessels, being sunk under them and 
rising with the burden as the water is pumped out of their compartments. The cost 
of this dock was half a million. The Government is now malting preparations for 
the complete removal of the Yard to League Island. There is at the Yard, upon one 
of the docks, [1875] the famous old frigate ds/zj'/'zV^^z'/ow, whose successful engage- 
ments with and escapes from the British while under the command of Hull, Decatur 
and Stewart, have rendered her dear to the American heart. 

LEAGUE ISLAND, 

lying directly south of and separated by the " Back Channel " from the peninsula upon 
which the city is built, was a gift by Pliiladelphia to the Government, for the purposes 
of a naval station. This was at a time when the Government, with a grand array of 
monitors on hand, was casting about for a fresh water depot to store them, salt water 
with its inseparable concomitant of barnacles being exceedingly injurious to iron plates. 
The Island is now being improved in accordance with the promise made at the time 
of the transfer of its title from the city. It covers 600 acres, and when extensions, 
permitted by the Port Wardens' line and now contemplated, are made, the station will 
have a front of nearly three miles on the Delaware, with an average depth of water 
G 



98 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

of 25 feet. Machinery halls have been erected, basins have been made, and large 
graving and floating docks are in the design of improvements now being carried out. 
The " Back Channel" is filled with monitors, the majority of which, planned for inlet 
service on the South Atlantic coast, and just completed when the war closed, are light 
draft and comparatively small in size. Moored along the Delaware front are a number 
of the iron-clads which participated in the assaults on Forts Sumpter and Fisher, and 
at Mobile, and the famous old ship-of-the-line Si. Louis, memorable for running into 
Trieste with open ports and decks cleared for action, and demanding the release, by 
the Austrian Government, of Martin Kotza, a naturalized American, who had been 
detained for military service. The release was made in the presence of the Austrian 
Navy, and the St. Louis withdrew in triumph from the port. She is now used as a 
receiving ship. There is on the Island an " infant school," consisting of nine and 
fifteen-inch guns, some weighing twelve tons, and throwing a thousand pound ball. 

River steamboats, of handsome construction, will be seen gliding up and down the 
Delaware river, at all hours of the day, freighted with passengers residing in towns on 




RIVER STEAMBOAT. 

the Delaware banks, or with Philadelphians in pursuit of business, or seeking health 

from the cool breezes of the river. 

The marshy shores of Mud Island are to be seen to the south from the new Naval 

station. 

FORT MIFFLIN 

throws up at its lower end a range of frowning parapets over which peep the black 

muzzles of parrot guns and huge columbiads, commanding the river in all directions. 

In 1773 this defence, then a mere earthwork, was first constructed, and for many years 

was known only as the "Mud Fort." On October 22d and 23d, 1777, the British 

made a terrific attack upon it, by land and water, assaulting the fort at Redbank, at the 

same time, but were defeated in both instances. The Augusta, a 64-gun frigate, the 

flag ship of the British fleet, grounded here, was set on fire and exploded with terrific 

fatality. One hundred and fifty men were killed, or blown into the water and drowned. 

The hull of this frigate was raised in 1870, and it is yet to be seen drawn up on the 

bank at Gloucester, together with the relics found in it. 

Farther down, on Tinicum Island, — a distance of eleven miles from the city, — is 

THE LAZARETTO AND QUARANTINE STATION. 

It is pleasantly located, having a large central building with wings, and an extensive 
tract of land surrounding, which is partly cultivated. Here all vessels entering the 
port are visited ; and all cases of malignant or contagious diseases are removed to the 



The Schuylkill Frvnt. 99 

Lazaretto Hospital, and the vessel bringing them is quarantined for purification. Be- 
yond, towards the bay, you find the extensive ship-building town of Chester, and the 
prosperous city of Wilmington. The river widens, gradually, as it flows onward and 
becomes one of the most magnificent in the world. 



XIII.-THE SCHUYLKILL FRONT 




ETREATING, and re-approaching League Island, you enter the mouth of 
the Schuylkill River, a name given by the early Dutch navigators, and 
is said to express the idea of a hidden river, from the fact that its junction 
with the Delaware River is not discernable in ascending the latter. A very important 
improvement, and one of much interest to the city commerce, is being made by the Inter- 
national Steamship Co., along the shore above Girard Point. This improvement consists, 
in fact, of a wharf 500 feet long and 250 feet wide, with lateral docks capable of 
berthing four first-class steamships, or twelve ordinary grain vessels, at one time, and 
with 25 feet of water at low tide. In the centre of the wharf stands an immense grain 
elevator, 130 feet high, 200 feet deep and lOO feet wide, there being used in its con- 
struction over a million bricks, ten thousand tons of iron, and over five hundred thou- 
sand feet of lumber. It contains twelve elevating machines, each with a capacity for 
unloading and delivering into the hold of vessels 4500 bushels of grain an hour. This 
wharf and elevator are connected directly with the southern extension of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, and cars loaded in Minnesota or Kansas can be run directly up to the 
vessels which are to receive their grain. The cost of this enterprise was $700,000, 
and the end is not yet, for the wharf is soon to be extended to a total length of 1000 feet. 
Looking up over the bend of the river, the long retort house and huge gasometer of 

POINT BREEZE GAS WORKS 

loom into sight. The former is 250 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 60 feet high, while 
the great storage tank, — said to be the largest in the world, — consists of a sheet iron 
drum, 160 feet in diameter, 95 feet in height, and is capable of holding 1, 800,000 cubic 
feet of gas. Stretching beyond and around this section are the great coal oil refineries, 
with the facilities for exporting nearly an hundred millions of gallons a year. Phda- 
delphia's trade in crude and refined petroleum is enormous and rapidly increasing. 
The Schuylkill, after passing north of the Naval Asylum, will be found lined with 
stone and marble wharves, which are at all times covered with sand-stones, of all 
colors, granite, native and imported marbles for statuary and decoration. 

THE PHILADELPHIA GAS WORKS 
cover that square bounding the east side of the Schuylkill, which lies just north of 
Market street. The city was first supplied from them in 1835, since which time very 
great improvements have been made. There are in daily operation nearly 900 retorts, 
and the surrounding holders have a capacity of 2,500,000 cubic feet. At Point Breeze 
there are 240 clay and 288 iron retorts. The capacity of the entire works Ave million 
cubic feet of gas for every 24 hours. 



100 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

XIV.~FAIRMOUNT PARK. 





AIRMOUNT PARK, still in the childhood of its progress, has become 
already a remarkable achievement. Its opening was a revelation of un. 
U suspected beauty, and its development a source of gratification to hundreds 
of thousands of visitors. Philadelphia is surrounded with delightful environs ; but 
Nature seems to have been most prodigal with her charms within the boundaries of 
the Park. To all who choose to pass its portals, there are walks and drives miles after 
miles in extent, which lead through scences of unsurpassed loveliness. The surface 
exhibits every picturesque variation, presenting contours smooth and broken, covered 



Fairmoiint Park. 



101 





102 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



with stately trees, and watered by brooks which flash through lawns and break into 
cascades in the depths of ravines. When equal means shall have been applied to the 

enabellishment of Fairmount to 
those lavished upon the parks of 
the old woi'ld, it will, in magnifi- 
cence, excel them all. The di- 
mensions of this resort will be 
best understood by a comparison. 
Epping Forrest, Essex County, 
England, has 12,000 acres; the 
Prater, at Vienna, 5120 acres; 
Windsor Forest, Berks County, 
England, 3800 acres; Fairmount 
Park, Philadelphia, 2991 acres; 
Richmond Park, Surrey County, 
England, 2468 acres ; Bois de 
Bologne, Paris, 2158 acres; 
Hampton Court, Surrey County, 
England, 1842 acres; Phoenix 
Park, Dublin, 1752 acres; Petit 
Pare, Versailles, 1280 acres; Cen- 
tral Park, New York, 843 acres. 
The original portion of our Park 
was Fairmount, upon which, it is 
said, William Penn " had his eye, 
but not his heart," and its use as 
a public resort is almost contempo- 
MONSTRous PINES, WEST PARK. rary with the construction of the 

water works which have now become known all over the world. Apropos of this im- 
portant department, we give the reader a sketch. 

In the early days of Philadelphia, the supply of water came from pumps and wells. 
Benjamin Franklin first called the aUention of the citizens to the necessity of obtaining 
it fi-om some other source. This was just after the city had been visited by the yellow 
fever; and in his will, dated June 23, 1789, he said, with reference to his bequest to 
the city : " and having considered that the covering of the ground plot of the city with 
buildings and pavements, which carry off most of the rain and prevent its soaking into 
the earth to renew and purify the springs, whence the water must gradually grow 
worse, and in time be unfit for use, (as I find has happened in old cities,) I recom- 
mend that at the end of the first hundred years, if not done before, the corporation of 
the city employ a part of the hundred thousand pounds, in bringing, by pipes, the 
water of the Wissahickon into the town, so as to supply the inhabitants." It seems 
that the matter rested in abeyance until 1797, when Councils were first brought to 




Fairinotmt Park. 



103 



consider a plan. In 1798 they entered into a contract with B. H. Latrobe to build the 
works, and a basin was constructed in the Schuylkill at the foot of Chestnut street, the 
bottom of which was three feet below low tide mark. From this basin the water was 
pumped into another, and thence admitted into a subterranean canal, six feet in its 




diameter, and flowmg mto a well 39 feet deep From here the watei was raised into 
a brick tunnel, 3144 feet in length, which passed along Chestnut street to Broad, and 
up Broad to Centre Square Engine House, standing upon the spot which is now to be 
the court-yard of the New City Hall. This engine-house, sometimes called the 
" Pepper-box," was a fine building of marble, with two porticos and a large dome. 



104 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



Here again the water was pumped from cisterns into tanks, and distributed, by means 
of bored logs, throughout the city. The engines and boilers were crude, but quite 
effective. The levers, beams, fly-wheels and pumps were all made of wood ; the 
boiler, even, was of wood, in the shape of a ponderous oak-plank box, covered with 
iron straps, and securely bolted. The fire box, of iron, was set in at one end. Imperfect 
as it was, the engine at the Centre Square house pumped 1,474,000 gallons every 24 hours. 
It was the fourth built in the United States. In 181 1, Mr. Frederick Graeff, who pro- 
jected the present works, recommended Fairmount as the best location for distributing 
a supply of water, and in 1819 the dam was built, being 1300 feet long, and in some 
places sunk to a depth of thirty feet below low tide mark. A range of marble 
pumping houses, since almost entirely changed, was constructed at the foot of Fairmount, 
and breast-wheels were introduced, which, driven by water, raised water to the basins 
upon the hill. The old Centre Square works were abandoned, and by an accident in 
1870, the old Chestnut street tunnel, which had long been forgotten, was discovered, 
and is now utilized as a culvert. At an immense outlay the city has improved the 
original works at Fairmount, and erected additional pumping houses at Belmont, 
Roxborough and othei; points on the Schuylkill, and on the Delaware. The depart- 
ment is of huge proportions. During the year 1873, combined, they pumped over 
fourteen billio7t gallons of water, granting an average supply to the city of more than 
forty million gallons per day. There are laid 585}^ miles of mains, and additions are 
constantly being made. Some of the engines are of the most ponderous build and 
power, the leading one being at the Spring Garden works, which has a capacity of ten 
million gallons every twenty-four hours. The annual receipts from water rents are 
about one million dollars, while the expenditures are half a million more. At a cost 
of two millions, a vast storage reservoir, capable of holding seven hundred and fifty 
million gallons, is now being constructed in the East Park. Such is the character of 
the department after an existence of seventy-five years. 

Realizing that, for years to come, the Schuylkill in the city would continue the 
main source of supply, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, under the authority and 

with the means granted by the city, aided 
extensively by the liberality of holders of 
property, commenced the rapid enlarge- 
ment of the Park along that stream, in 
order to securely maintain it from the 
encroachments of factories, whose refuse 
emptied into it would render the water 
impure. Now this splendid i-esort 
stretches for miles on either side of the 
river, embracing upland and valley, mea- 
vTEw FROM BELOW THE DAM. ^low aud raviuc, and extending a long 

distanae back of the river's banks. Fairmount, with its basins and its terraces ; 
its winding walks, its fountains and its flowers ; its works, where the heavy rumble 
and jar of the pumps mingle with the splash of the water that pours in a broad, 




Fairmount Park. 



105 



even, glistening sheet over the dam ; Fairmount, opening first to the visitor who 
hastens out from the heat, the noise and the cares of the city, presents a charmingly 
refreshing picture to the eye, whose attractions are unfading. As you enter, from the 
Green street gate, you will notice a plain, white, rough-cast building, before which a 
fountain, standing in the centre of a large pool, throws up a dozen jets of water. This 
is the Art Gallery, and among its treasures are three paintings which will always be 
celebrated. They are Ferdinand Pauwel's " New Republic," symbolizing the past and 
future of this nation; Benjamin West's " Christ Rejected," and Rothermel's " Battle 
of Gettysburg." These are all huge canvasses. The latter was painted by order of 
the Legislature, at a cost of $30,000. One of the most finished and beautiful of Mr. 
Rothermel's productions is here to be seen in the painting of the " Christian Martyrs in 
the Roman Amphitheatre." 





#?tfciK 



GENERAL VIEW NEAR THE GRE. \L 

Following the main promenade which leads to the interior beauties of the Park, 
we reach what for some distance has been conspicuous, — Lincoln's Monument. This 
fine bronze was modelled by Randolph Rogers, in Rome, and cast at Munich. Its 
entire cost was .$33,000, and the ceremonies of the unveiling, in the presence of fifty 
thousand persons, took place on September 22d, 1870, the anniversary of the Procla- 
mation of Emancipation. The martyred President is represented sitting in a cushioned 
chair holding in his right hand a quill pen and in his left 
a scroll, — the immortal proclamation. The face is an 
excellent likeness and the posture is easy and natural. 
The figure is colossal in size, measuring, as it is, 9 feet 
and 6 inches in height, and if represented standing, in the 
same proportions, would be 11 feet high. It is raised 
upon a granite base, upon the sides of which appear these 
inscriptions: "To Abraham Lincoln, from a grateful 
people," on the south face ; on the east, " Let us here 
highly resolve that the government of the people by the 
people and for the people shall not peri.sh from the face 
of the earth ;" on the north, " I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves 
within the states in rebellion, are, and henceforth shall be, free ;" and on the west face, 
" With malice towards none, with charity towards all, with firmness in the right as 
God gives us to see the right, let us finish the work we are in." The monument stands 




LINCOLN S MONLMENT. 



106 



Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 



at the foot of Lemon Hill, at the junction of the main with the river drive, on abroad 
plateau and in the centre of picturesque surroundings. 

From this point the Park sweeps along the winding river to the mouth of the 
Wissahickon, embracing, too, the banks of that stream as far as the county line. All 

this magnificent area was once divided 



^ ^r^ ^^ 




STEAMBOAT LANDING, ROCKLAND 



into country seats, and many of the origi- 
nal names are still retained, such as 
Sedgeley, The Cliffs, Fountain Green, 
Flarleigh, Rockland and Strawberry Man- 
sion. Robert Morris, the great Colonial 
financier, lived at Lemon Hill ; and Rock- 
land has become celebrated for the free 
excursions of poor children, which re- 
peatedly take place in the summer-time ; 
while Strawberry Mansion, the central 




object in the great East Park, has become one of the most popular resorts of the 
^ —•=&-— people. It rises from a high 

plateau, starting abruptly 
from the Schuylkill which 
curves at its foot. The 
position commands a mag- 
nificent perspective of the 
river and the surrounding 
country. Under the pro- 
% prietorship of its present 
incumbent, Mr. Grimm, 
this very picturesque and 
STRAWBERRY MANSION. hcalthful Tctrcat has been 

furnished with every means and appliance for the refreshment of all comers. The 

stabling is ample, and the 
comfort of travellers has 
been duly i-emembered. 
Standing at the brow of the 
hill and locking northwest 
through a long vista of ro- 
mantic scenery, the mills 
and dwellings of the Fall's 
village come into view; 
below, the white monu- 
ments in West Laurel Hill 
LOOKING n 0^1 sTR\\\BERi \ MANSION and South Laurcl Hill 

show their glistening shafts through the foliage ; across you see Belmont, the flag from 




Fairmoiint Park. 



107 




L \Li LL HILl 



the distant concourse at George's Hill, and beyond all this the dim maze of spires of 
the distant city. Splendid drives circle around the hill, and nicely graded walks lead 
to the springs and gullies. The old mansion has been remodelled into a fine hotel, 
well ordered and well kept. Before the river front is placed the orchestra stand, and 
here, in the pleasant summer evenings, the people assemble in large numbers to enjoy 
their ices and listen to the music. 

The river road sweeps by Laurel Hill, — one of the most beautiful of American 
cemeteries. The main entrance is from Ridge avenue, through a building of brown 
stone, having a splendid 
corridor of Doric columns. 
At the entrance the visitor 
finds himself upon the 
threshold of a scene of un- 
rivalled loveliness, having 
before him a beautifully 
undulating surface covered 
with a forest of marble and 
granite shafts. Just inside 
the gate is Thom's cele- 
brated group of " Old Mor- 
tality," and, a little beyond, an obelisk marking the resting place of Godfrey, the 
inventor of the Quadrant. This monument was erected by the Mercantile Library 
Company, in 1843, "in gratitude for the enduring benefit of his invention." Near it 
is the soapstone slab which was placed over his grave in 1749. Following the 
road we reach a Gothic chapel, and from this point encounter, rapidly, monuments of 
exceeding beauty and interest. Here are to be seen the memorials of General Twiggs, 
who fell at Mexico ; General Hugh Mercer, who fell at the battle of Princeton, and 
whose remains were transferred from Christ Church -yard, in 1840, with unusual pomp 
and ceremony ; John Fitch, the inventor of the steamboat ; Thomas McKean, signer 
of the Declaration of Independence, and of Commodore Hull, whose tomb is modelled 
after that of Scipio's, at Rome. Here repose the ashes of that gallant hero, who, by 
his triumph in the Constitutiojt, over the Guerriere, on the 19th of August, 181 2, 
"became the precurser of that series of victories which immortalized the Navy of the 
United States." In the adjoining lot sleeps Commodore A. Murray, and east from his 
grave is the monument to the memory of Stephen Decatur Lavalette, U. S. N. The 
shaft to the yellow fever victims rises prominently to view. It is inscribed : " In 
memory of the doctors, druggists and nurses who volunteered to aid the sufferers by 
the yellow fever at Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va., and died in the discharge of their 
duties." The Godey family vault, in the shape of a chapel, constructed of Italian 
marble, is one of the many beautiful objects noticeable. Near it lie the remains of 
Charles EUet, of the Mississippi Ram fleet, and the designer and builder of the old 
Fairmount Suspension Bridge; Matthias W. Baldwin, the builder of the first successful 



108 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



American locomotive ; Charles Thompson, the confidential Secretary of the Continental 
Congress; Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, the Arctic explorer, whose efforts in behalf of 
science hastened his death; Julius R. Friedlander, founder of the Pennsylvania Insti- 




WISSAHICKON CREEK. 



tution for the Instruction of the Blind; and of Charles A. Hassler, Surgeon, U. S. N., 
who perished, when returning from a protracted cruise, in the noble effort to save the 
helpless on the wreck of the steamer Atlantic, in Long Island Sound, November 27, 



Fairmoiint Avenue. 



109 



1846. There are many magnificent marbles, — especially that of Isabel Coleman and 
of the family of Henry D. Samiders, which deserve a full description, but this is 
impossible in a limited space. Laurel Hill Cemetery dates to 1835, the first interment 
being made October 19th, 1836. It is estimated 22,000 bodies have since been buried 
in it. 




Follow the river drive, from which we turned off to glance at Laurel Hill, to the 
Wissahickon, and the choicest pleasures of rural scenery are before you. No visitor 
should fail to see this stream from the county line to its entrance into the Schuylkill. 
It flows through a narrow valley, hedged by steep hills, studded from foot to crown 



110 



Hand-Book of Pliiladclphia. 



with majestic oaks, tall poplars and wide-spreading chestnuts, 
of the stream some fresh beauty will strike the eye. 
There is, too, along its banks a shadowy light which fills 
the mind with weird thoughts. Romancers, under the 
witching spell it has cast upon them, have woven many a 
strange legend of the times and the people long since 
passed. We meet many relics of the last century. Near 
Valley Green is the old bridge, and the Indian Rock 
where, tradition tells, the Leni Lenapes as- 
sembled to hear their chiefs. The " Hermit's 
Pool" and "Hemlock Glen," deep in the 
shadow of the trees, have each their story. 
The charms of natural scenery multiply as we 
advance up the stream, and cluster at Chest- 
nut Hill, which has long been one of the 



At every turn ; 




most popular subuibs of the city. Some of the largest 
paper mills in the country are upon the Wissahickon, 
and upon its banks, as early as 1 690, the first of the kind 
established on this continent was erected by William 
Rittenhouse and William Bradford. The West and East 
Parks are connected by five bridges, Fairmount, Girard, 
Connecting Railway, Columbia and Falls. The new 
structure at Girard avenue is one of the finest in existence. 
It is constructed of iron, having five spans, a length of 1000 feet, a width of 100 feet, 



Fairmount Park. Ill 

and cost $1,404,445, having been built by Clarke, Reeves & Co. Just below it, along 
the shore of Fairmount Park, will be noticed a range of fine brown stone and granite 
boat-houses, exceedingly ornamental in appearance. These belong to the crews com- 
prising the Schuylkill Navy, an organization of gentlemen of means and refinement, 




FALLS BRIDGE. 

who have done much to develop and raise the standard of amateur oarsmanship. They 
have a fine assortment of paper and cedar shells, pleasure boats and barges, which, 
upon any pleasant day, may be seen darting swiftly to and fro upon the smooth river. 
The West Park is admired for its drives, one of which, the " Vista," has with all 
its sinuations a length of over ten miles. The Landsdowe drive carries you from 



112 



Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 



Girard avenue bridge to Belmont, and from there to the concourse on George's Hill. 
This is the highest natural elevation in the city, and it would be difficult to find else- 

^__ _- ,- _ . - vv^here a richer combination of 

landscape beauties than is here 
presented, fiom any point of ob- 
servation. The Zoological gar- 
den lies southeast, along the 





ms' 

M. BJ 




BRIDGE OVER THE WISSAHICKON AT VALLEY GREEN. 



BtAR PITb. 



Schuylkill. The society now conducting it has been in existence a long time, but has 
only within a few years been in a position to carry its views into effect. The grounds 
now devoted to the purposes of a garden are 35 acres, and long formed an elegant 
rural residence, being known as " Solitude," and rendered historical as the abode of 
John Penn, while he was Governor of Pennsylvania. The dwelling-house, erected by 
him, still remains. It is in the ancient Manorial style, on a small scale, and is sur- 
rounded by a grove of venerable forest 
trees. The society's improvements con- 
sist of an ornate monl<ey house, beaver 
dam, deer parks, buffalo parks, winter 
house for tropical animals, and three 
stone bear pits, twelve feet deep, each 
provided with a climbing pole, bath and 
refuge holes. A huge "grizzly" occu- 
pies the centre one. The collection of 
animals is already very large, and constant 
additions are being made. Among the 
principal may be mentioned buffalo, elephant, lion, tiger, giraffes, kangaroos, 
hyaenas, deer, the " historical cow " which marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the 
sea, and prairie dogs. It is believed that in a few years the Philadelphia Zoological 
Garden will hold an equal rank with that in London and in Paris. 




GEORGE S HILL. 



The Centemtial. 113 

XV.-THE CENTENNIAL. 




INALLY the Centennial. The grand scheme of an international exhibition 

of the arts, sciences and industries of the world as a memorial of the first 
century's existence of the United States, is now rapidly approaching realiza- 
tion. The grave difficulties under which its projectors have labored, — and they were 
grave, and certainly many, — ^have all passed away, and the undertaking moves on with 
all the promises of triumphant success. Sectional feeling, which in some quarters was 
raised against Philadelphia as the proper place for such an event, has disappeared ; the 
people are thoroughly alive to the importance and character of the display, and public 
interest increases as the time for the achievement of the work draws on. As Paris 
surpasses London, and Vienna Paris, so will Philadelphia outrival them all in the scope 
of the display, in the splendor and adaptability of her buildings, and in the collections 
of the products of all phases of industrial, artistic and scientific labor. The forthcoming 
exhibition was first suggested by Prof. Campbell, of Indiana, (now Secretaiy of the 
Commission,) in a letter written to the Hon. Morton McMichael, Mayor of Philadelphia 
in 1 866. This was communicated to Councils, and they acted upon it as did the 
Franklin Institute also. On the 3d of March, 1871, Congress passed an act providing 
for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence by 
holding an international exhibition of arts, m.anufactures and products of the soil and 
mines, in 'the city of Philadelphia, in 1876, and granting to the President authority to 
appoint, upon the nomination of the Governors of the several states and territories, a 
commissioner and alternate from each, who were together to be known as the United 
States Centennial Commission, having the superintendence of the Exhibition, No 
appropriation being made at that time. Congress, in the following year, created a 
corporation under the title of Centennial Board of Finance, authorized to sell stock 
limited to ten millions of dollars in shares of ten dollars each. In order to set the 
preliminary preparations on foot, the Councils of this city appropriated $50,000, and 
shortly after an additional $25,000. By the act of 1871 Congress directed an invita- 
tion to be extended to " the people of all nations," and by a subsequent one empowered 
the President to extend a cordial invitation to " the governments of all nations " to 
participate in the Exhibition. Up to the close of September, 1874, England, France, 
Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, Egypt and all the South American States had 
accepted and appointed commissioners, and informal notice of the intention of all the 
other European States to do so had been received. 

In the preparation for the event the plan embraces a grand exhibition palace, a 
machinery hall, an art gallery, a conservatory, and an agricultural hall. Fairmount 
Park was early selected as the site for the buildings, and on July 4th, 1873, fifty acres 
on the best level plain beneath George's Hill, in the "West Park, were formally trans- 
ferred to the Commission. The Main Exhibition Building, as well as the Art Gallery 
are now [January, 1875,] being erected by Richard J. Dobbins, contractor. Under 



114 



Ha7td-Book of Philadelphia. 



the agreement, wliicK is capable of extension, the principal structure will cover 
eighteen acres, and will cost $1,076,000, and may be enlarged /r^i rata per acre. It 
is to be composed entirely of iron and glass, and of iron seven million pounds will be 
used. It will have a clear length of 16S8 feet, and a width of 464 feet, with highly 
ornamental fronts. It will consist of nine large pavilions in the centre, with galleries 

running from them to the ends 
of the structure. The greatest 
length of the building will be on 
a line parellel with Elm avenue. 
Themost important consideration 
in the preparation of its plan, 
was to secure a perfect classifica- 
tion of goods, both as to material 
and geographical location. The 
arrangement is such that, taking 
for example silks, the productions 
of all countries will be placed 
together convenient for compari- 
son. The building is to be com- 
pleted by the 1st of January, 
1876, and to spur the contractor 
to the highest exertion, it is agreed 
that every day's delay beyond 
that time will cost him $1200, 
while if he succeeds in com- 
pleting it within that time, he is 
to receive a bonus of §1200 for 
each spare day. The Art Gal- 
lery, which is to be the Centen- 
nial Memorial Building, is to re- 
main for years a repository of 
relics and treasures, is now being 
erected on the most commanding 
portion of Lansdowne Plateau, 
and on a line parallel with and 
northward of the main exhibition building. The front view is southward over the 
city. Lansdowne Plateau stands at an elevation of 1 1 6 feet above the surface of the 
Schuylkill. The edifice is to be entirely fire-proof, of iron, granite and glass, with a 
length of 365 feet, a width of 210 feet and a height of 59 feet, over a spacious base- 
ment, the whole to be surmounted by a dome 150 feet in height, forming a landmark 
which will be seen for many miles. The style of the outer structure is the modem 
renaissance, graceful yet massive in outline, and in consonance with the surroimdings. 




The Centennial. 



115 



The main front consists of a central main entrance, of three colossal arched doorways 
of equal dimensions ; a pavilion at each end, and two arcades connecting the pavilions 
with the centre. Thirteen steps will lead to the arched entrances, each of the latter 
being 40 feet high and 15 wide, while the iron doors will be relieved by bronze panels 
bearing the coats of arms of all the states and territories. A balustrade with candelabra 




will surmount the main cornice, and at either end will be placed figures representing 
science and art, while in the centre of the main frieze will appear the Arms of the 
United States. The dome, rising 150 feet from the centre, will be unique in design, 
terminating in a colossal bell, upon which the figure of Columbia will appear with 
protecting hands. At each corner of the base of the dome will stand figures typifying 
the four quarters of the globe. Within, the edifice will be admirably adapted for the 
exhibition of works of art, and will contain a grand hall which will accommodate 



116 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 

eight thousand persons. There are corridors, arcades, pavilions and galleries com- 
prised in the grand design, and the ornamentation will be chaste but exceedingly rich. 
The cost will be over a million dollars, and the means have been provided by the 
state and city, the former appropriating one million and the latter half a million for its 
erection. 

Machinery Hall will be a building somewhat similar in construction to the Main 
Exhibition palace, of much greater strength, however, and will cover ten acres. It 
will stand on a plain west of Belmont avenue, and will cost at the rate of $65,000 or 
$70,000 per acre. The Conservatory will be erected on Lansdowne Terrace, north of 
the permanent building, (the Art Gallery,) and is to be composed of glass and iron, 
covering an area of 360 by 100 feet. There will be in the centre a large hall for the 
display of plants, and upon each side " cold " or propogating houses. City Councils 
have appropriated an additional million for these two last improvements. The project 
hicludes also an Agricultural, which will have architectural features to harmonize with 
the larger buildings. Work is being pushed with the utmost diligence, and it is 
confidently asserted that the structures will all be finished six months before the 
opening of the Exhibition in 1876. "Beyond the appi^opriations already mentioned 
nearly two millions of stock have been subscribed for, of which the New Jersey Legis- 
lature took f 100,000. The gigantic work is handled with the greatest intelligence and 
care. The officers of the Commission are Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, President; Hon. 
D. J. Morrell, Vice-President and Chairman of the Executive Committee ; Hon. A. 
T. Goshorn, Director-General ; -Prof. John L. Campbell, Secretary. The active 
members of the Board of Finance are John Welsh, Esq., President; Frederick Fraley, 
Secretary; Thomas Cochran, Esq., Chairman of the Building Committee, and Ex- 
Governor William Bigler, Chief of the Financial Bureau. Through the generosity of 
Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, which have nobly aided the enterprise ; through the 
unselfish labors of a number of distinguished men coming from different sections, 
the grand Centennial project has triumphed over all obstacles ; has disarmed prejudice, 
and now moves on steadily to what must be a glorious success, — a success honoring 
both city and nation. 

The aim of this work, — to present the most prominent objects of this city in a 
connected form, — is accomplished. It would require a volume much more pretentious 
than this is to do full justice to Philadelphia's history and attractions. There is scarcely 
a street within her ancient limits which cannot conjure up reminiscences of the early 
Colonial and Revolutionary times of the deepest interest. There are, too, many old 
and new institutions, deserving elaborate description, whose merits it has been necessary 
to crystalize into a brief paragraph. These pages will be found, however, to contain 
much information that will be new to many, and if it serves no other end than to ac- 
quaint Philadelphians themselves more thoroughly with the scope and character of 
their own city, it will not have been written in vain. 



Passenger Railways. 117 

XVI-STREET RAILROAD CARS. 



HESE useful means of transit in our crowded city have extended through 
its length and breadth. Scarcely twenty years have elapsed, since the in- 
auguration of this means of locomotion, and, the general plan of the city 
being favorable to its full development, every street of importance is now traversed by 
a line of cars. In the following pages will be found a complete list of all the lines, 
with the routes traversed by each of them. 

TO FAIRMOUNT PARK. 

The following seven routes, as described below, will convey travellers to and from 
Fairmount Park : — The Union Line, from Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park 
to the Navy Yard; the Chestnut and Walnut Streets Line, from Belmont avenue to 
Front street ; the Arch Street Line, from Second and Arch streets to Twenty-sixth 
and Callowhill streets ; the Spruce and Pine Streets Line, during the spring, summer 
and fall seasons, from the Merchants' Exchange to the Green street entrance; the 
Green and Coates Streets Line, from Fourth and Dickinson streets to the Fairmount 
avenue entrance ; the Race and Vine Streets Line, from the Merchants' Exchange to 
the Callowhill street bridge ; the Spring Garden and Poplar Streets Line, from Seventh 
and Poplar streets to the Brown street entrance to the Park. 

GERMANTOWN, ROXBOROUGH, ETC. 

The depot of the Germantown Railroad, at Ninth and Green streets, may be 
reached by the Green street cars, passing up Eighth street, or down Fourth ; or on 
Green and Coates streets. 

FRANKFORD. 

Steam dummies run from the depot of the Fifth and Sixth streets line, at Frank- 
ford road and Lehigh avenue, to Frankford. 

RICHMOMD AND BRIDESBURG. 

The Richmond cars, running on Second and Third streets, convey passengers to 
Richmond ; and from the depot on Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street to Bridesburg. 

MANAYUNK. 

Cars running on Ridge avenue convey passengers to Manayunk. 

LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 

Cars on Ridge avenue, and boats on the river Schuylkill. 

LIST OF PASSENGER RAILWAYS. 

MARKET STREET LINE.— Yellow cars— red lights. —Depot, Forty-first and Haverford streets. 
From the Depot, down Forty-first street to Market, down Market to Front; return over the same route 
to the Depot. 

Haddington Line ; green cars — whi'.e lights. — Depot, Forty-first and Haverford streets. From the 
Depot, out Haverford street to Sixty-seventh, in Haddington ; return over the same route to the Depot. 

TWELFTH AND SIXTEENTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights. Leave Depot, Twelfth 
street and Montgomery avenue, down Twelfth street to Wharton ; return up Wharton to Seventeenth, 
Seventeenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Sixteenth, up Sixteenth to Montgomery avenue, down 
Montgomery avenue to Depot. 



118 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

CHESTNUT AND WALNUT STREETS.— ;ifr»/« Line; Green cars-red lights.— Leave 
Depot at Forty-second and Chestnut streets, down Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut; return up 
Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Chestnnt, Chestnut to Depot. 

Fairtnoiint Park Lhte • yellow cars — maroon light. — Leave Depot at Belmont and Columbia 
Avenues, along Belmont avenue to Lancaster avenue, down Lancaster to Thirty-second, Thirty-secc>nd 
to Chestnut, Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut ; return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second 
to Chestnut, Chestnut to Thirty- second. Thirty-second to Lancaster, Lancaster to Belmont, out 
Belmont to Depot. 

Darby Line / red cars — white lights. — Depot, Forty-ninth street and Woodland avenue. From 
the Borough of Darby (Delaware county), along Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chestnut street, 
Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut, return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Chestnut, 
Chestnut to Woodland avenue and Darby road to Darby. 

Mount Moriah Line; blue cars — white lights. — Depot, Forty-ninth street and Woodland avenue. 
From Rlt. Moriah Cemetery, out Mt. Moriah lane to Darby road, on Darby road and Woodland avenue 
to Chestnut street. Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut; return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty- 
second to Chestnut, Chestnut to Woodland avenue and Darby road to Mt. Moriah lane, Mt. Moriah 
lane to Mt Moriah Cemetery. 

TENTH AND ELEVENTH STREETS.— ^f^zK Line; yellow cars— red lights.- From the 
Depot, Tenth street and Montgomery avenue, down Tenth street to Reed, out Reed to Eleventh, up 
Eleventh to Diamond, down Diamond to Tenth, down Tenth to Depot. 

Mifflin Street Line ; yellow cars — one horse. — From Tenth and Reed streets down Tenth to 
Mifflin ; return over same route. 

LeJiigh Avemte and Powell Street Line ; green cars — green lights. — Depot, Kensington avenue 
and Cumberland Street. Up Kensington avenue to Lehigh avenue, Lehigh avenue to Si.vth, down 
Sixth to Powell, Powell to Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh avenue, down Lehigh avenue to Kensington avenue, 
Kensington avenue to Letterly street, Letterly to Depot. 

Frankford Steam Line; — Depot, Frankford and Arrott streets, Frankford. Down Frankford street 
to Kensington avenue, Kensington avenue to Main Depot at Cumberland street ; return to Frankford 
over same route. 

FOURTH AND EIGHTH STREETS.— Gfr;«rt«2'ra'« Line ; green lights.— Depots, Eighth 
and Dauphin streets, and Germantown avenue and Church street, Germantown. Leave Depot, Eighth 
and Dauphin streets, up Eighth to Germantown avenue, out Germantown avenue to the Depot; return 
over the same route to the Depot, Eighth and Dauphin streets. 

Dickinson Street Line; green lights. — Depot, Eighth and Dauphin street. From Depot, down 
Dauphin street to Germantown avenue, Germanton avenue to Fourth, Fourth to Dickmson, up Dickin- 
son to Eighth; return up Eighth to Cokimbia avenue, down Columbia avenue to Seventh, up Seventh 
to Susquehanna avenue, up Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, up Eighth to the Depot. 

Walnut Street Line ; green lights. — Depot, Eighth and Dauphin streets. Leave Depot, down 
Germantown avenue to Fourth street, Fourth to Walnut; return up Walnut to Eighth street, up Eighth 
to Columbia avenue, down Columbia avenue to Seventh street, up Seventh to Susquehanna avenue, up 
Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, up Eighth to the Depot. 

Girard Avenue Line ; green lights. — Depot, Girard avenue and Taney street. From Depot, along 
Girard avenue to Palmer street, down Palmer to Beach, along Beach to Shackama.xon ; return on 
Shackaraaxon to Girard avenue, passing the Depot, to Thirty-first ; return from Thirty-first to Depot 
on Girard avenue. 

GREEN AND COATES STREETS.— Z'/c/j-Zk^^'w Street Line; green cars— red lights.— Depot, 
Twenty-fourth street and Fairmount avenue. From the Fairmount avenue entrance to Fairmount Park, 
along Fairmount avenue to Twenty-second street, down Twenty-second to Green, down Green to 
Fourth, Fourth to Dickinson, out Dickinson to Eighth ; return up Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out 
Fairmount avenue to Fairmount Park. 

Walmit Sire t Line ; green cars — red lights. — Depot, Twenty-fourth Street and Fairmount avenue. 
From the Fairmount avenue entrance to Fairmount Park, along Fairmount avenue to Twenty-second, 
down Twenty-second to Green, Green to Fourth, Fourth to Walnut, out Walnut to Eighth; return up 
Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out Fairmount avenue to Fairmount Park. 

Delaware River Line ; green cars — one horse — red lights. — From Green and Beach streets — up 
Beach street to Fairmount avenue, Fairmount avenue to Eighth ; return down Fairmount avenue to 
Foiurth, Foiuth to Green, Green to Beach. 



Passenger Railways. 119 

HESTONVILLE, MANTUA AND FAIRMOUNT PASSENGER RAILWAY CO.- Race 
and Vine Streets Line; yellow cars— red lights.— Depot, Forty-first street and Lancaster avenue. 
From Depot — along Lancaster avenue to Haverford street, down Haverford to Thirtieth, on Thirtieth 
to Bridge street, across the Schuylkill river to Callowhill street, along CallowhiU to Hamilton, Hamilton 
to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Race, Race to Second, Second to Walnut, up Walnut to Dock; 
return up Dock to Third, Third to Vine, Vine to Tweniy-third, Twenty-third to Callowhill, Callowhill 
to the Schuylkill river, across the river to Thirtieth street, on Thirtieth to Haverford, up Haverford to 
Thirty-third, Thirty-third to Bridge street, Bridge to Lancaster avenue, out Lancaster avenue to Depot. 

A rch Street Line; yellow cars— green lights. — Depot, Twenty-sixth and Callowhill streets. From 
Depot, out Hamilton street to Twenty-second, down Twenty-second to Callowhill, out Callowhill to 
Twentieth, down Twentieth to Arch, down Arch to Second; return up Arch to Twenty-first, up 
Twenty-first to Callowhill, out Callowhill to the Depot. 

Hestonville Line; green cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Forty-first street and Lancaster 
avenue. From Depot, out Lancaster avenue to Fifty-second street, Hestonville ; return over the same 
route to Depot 

LOMBARD AND SOUTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights.— Depot, Twenty-fifth and 
South streets. From Depot, down Lombard to Front, along Front to Dock, down Dock to Delaware 
avenue ; returning up Dock street to Front, Front to South, up South to the Depot. 

SPRUCE AND PINE STREET.— Gm/j ^^rry ZzW/ white cars— red lights.— Depot, Twenty- 
third and Spruce streets. From Gray's Ferry Bridge up Gray's Ferry road to Christian street, down 
Christian street to Twenty-second, up Twenty-second to Spruce, down Spruce to Third, up Third to 
Walnut, down Walnut to Dock; return down Dock to Second, down Second to Pine, out Pine to 
Twenty-third, down Twenty-third to Gray's Ferry road, down Gray's Ferry road to Gray's Ferry Bridge. 

SECOND AND THIRD STREETS.— Afrt/Vz Litte; white cars— green light.— Depot, Frankford 
road below Lehigh avenue. Leave Depot, down Frankford road to Jefferson street, up Jefferson to 
Second, down Second to Mifllin, up Mifilin to Third ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, on 
Germantown avenue to Oxford street, down Oxford to Front, up Front to Amber, Amber to the Depot. 

Frankford Through Line; white cars with red flag — green light. — Depot, Frankford road below 
Lehigh avenue. From the Depot up Frankford road to Paul street, up Paul street to the stand, above 
Arrott street ; leaving Frankford, run down Main street to Frankford road, down Frankford road to 
Jefferson street, up Jefferson street to Second, down Second to Mifflin, up Mifflin to Third ; return up 
Third to Germantown avenue, on Germantown avenue to Oxford street, down Oxford to Front, up 
Front to Amber, up Amber to the Depot. 

North Penn Line; green cars — orange colored light. — Depot, Frankford road below Lehigh avenue. 
Leave Depot, down Frankford road to Huntingdon street, up Huntingdon to Coral, on Coral to Cum- 
berland, Cumberland to Emerald, Emerald to Dauphin, Dauphin to Second, Second to Dock, up Dock 
to Third ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, up Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford 
to Third, Third to Berks, Berks to Second, Second to York, York to Coral, Coral to Cumberland, Cum- 
berland to Amber, Amber to the Depot. 

Richmond Line ; red cars— red light. — Depot, Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street. From the 
Depot out Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, down Richmond street to Frankford road, Frankford road 
to Manderson street, Manderson street to Beach, Beach to Laurel, Laurel to Delaware avenue, Dela- 
ware avenue to Fairmount avenue, up Fairmount avenue to Second street, down Second to Dock, up 
Dock to Third ; return up Third to Brown, down Brown to Beach, Beach to Manderson, Manderson to 
Frankford road, Frankford road to Girard avenue, down Girard avenue to Norris street, Norris to Rich- 
mond, up Richmond to Lehigh avenue, Lehigh avenue to the Depot. 

Bridesbnrg Line; white cars — white lights. — Depot, Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street. Out 
Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, up Richmond to Bridge street, on Bridge to Washington street; 
return over the same route. 

Cumberland Street Line; white cars — white light — one horse. — From Richmond and Cumberland 
streets (on Cumberland street) to Ambei-; return over the same route. 

Front Street Line ; white cars — one horse. — From Fairmount avenue and New Market street, down 
New Market street to Vine, Vine to Front, Front to Chestnut; return over the same route. 

AVcghany Avenue Line; yellow cars — white light — one horse. From Lehigh avenue and Rich- 
.inond street to Alleghany avenue ; return over the same route. 



120 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 

RTDGE AVENUE. — Manayunk Line ; yellow cars, carrying a flag with a white star in centre — 
yellow light. — Depot, Thirty-second street and Ridge avenue. From Green lane in Manayunk, on 
Main street, to Ridge avenue, down Ridge avenue to Tenth, down Tenth to Arch, down Arch to Second 
street ; return up Arch to Ninth, up Ninth to Ridge avenue, up Ridge avenue to Main street, in Mana- 
yunk, on Main street to Green lane. 

Short Line, from Thirty-second and Ridge avenue to Second and Arch streets ; yelbw cars — red 
light. — Depot, Thirty-second street and Ridge avenue. Down Ridge avenue to Tenth, Tenth to Arch, 
Arch to Second ; return up Arch to Ninth, Ninth to Ridge avenue. Ridge avenue to the Depot. 

SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights.— Depot Nine- 
teenth and ]\i3Ster streets. From the Depot, up Nineteenth street to Columbia avenue, along Columbia 
avenue to Seventeenth, down Seventeenth to Ridge avenue, Ridge avenue to Francis, P rancis to Seven- 
teenth, Seventeenth to Carpenter, Carpenter to Nineteenth, up Nineteenth to the Depot. 

THIRTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH STREETS.— Co/z<»z3z'a ^z/?«;/^Zz>Z£?/ green cars— green 
lights. — Depot, Broad street and Washington avenue. From the Depot up Broad to Carpenter, out 
Carpenter to Fifteenth, up Fifteenth to Master, out Master to Ridge avenue. Ridge avenue to Columbia 
avenue, on Columbia avenue to Thirteenth ; return down Thirteenth to Carpenter, Carpenter to Broad, 
down Broad to the Depot. 

Norris Street Line; yellow cars — red lights. — Depot, Broad street and Washington avenue. From 
the Depot, up Broad to Carpenter, out Carpenter to Fifteenth, up Fifteenth to Columbia avenue, on 
Columbia avenue to Broad, up Broad to Norris, Norris to Thirteenth ; return down Thirteenth to Car- 
.penter, out Carpenter to Broad, down Broad to the Depot. 

South Broad Street Line ; yellow cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Broad and Washington 
avenue. From the Depot, down Broad to Jackson streets; return over the same route to the Depot. 

North Broad Street Line ; yellow cars — red lights — one horse. From the Depot, (Broad and 
Norris streets.) up Broad to the New York Junction Depot; return over the same route to the Depot. 

UNION LINE. — Fairmmint Park and Navy Yard; yellow cars — red light. — Depot, Twenty- 
third and Brown streets. From the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown street to 
Twenty-third, down Twenty-third to Wallace, on Wallace to Franklin, Franklin to Seventh, Seventh 
to Federal, Federal to Front, Front to Wharton; return up Wharton to Ninth, Ninth to Spring Garden, 
Spring Garden to Twenty-third, Twenty-third to Brown, on Brown to the Brown street entrance to 
Fairmount Park. 

Richmond Line ; green cars — green light. — Depot, Thompson and Norris streets. From the Depot, 
down Thompson street to Marlborough, on Marlborough to Belgrade, on Belgrade to Frankford road, 
on Frankford road to Master, up Master to Franklin, down Franklin to Race, Race to Seventh, down 
Seventh to Passyunk road, Passyunk road to Ellsworth, Ellsworth to Broad, Broad to the Baltimore 
Depot ; return up Broad to Christian, Christian to Ninth, up Ninth to Spring Garden, Spring Garden 
to Seventh, Seventh to O.xford, down Oxford to Fourth, Fourth to Norris, Norris to Memphis, Memphis 
to York, down York to Thompson, down Thompson to the Depot. 

Columbia Avemie Li?te ; red cars — orange colored lights. — Depot, Twenty-fifth and Columbia 
avenue. From the Depot, down Columbia avenue to Franklin street, down Franklin to Race, Race to 
Seventh, down Seventh to Market, Market to Front ; return up Market to Ninth, Ninth to Spring 
Garden, down Spring Garden to Seventh, Seventh to Master, Master to Twenty-third, Twenty-third to 
the Depot. 

Spring Garden and Poplar Streets Line ; red cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Twenty- third 
and Brown streets. From the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown street to Twenty- 
third, down Twenty-third to Wallace, Wallace to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Spring Garden, 
Spring Garden to Seventh; return up Seventh to Poplar, out Poplar to Twenty-ninth, down Twenty- 
ninth to the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park. 

Cedar Street Line ; green cars — green lights. From York and Cedar streets, up Cedar street to 
Somerset street, on Somerset to Richmond street ; return over the same route to York and Cedar streets. 
McKcan Street Line; yellow cars — red light — one horse. — Depot, Seventh and McKean Streets. 
From junction. Seventh and Christian; down Seventh to McKean, out McKean to Ninth, up Ninth 
to Ellsworth, out Ellsworth to Twenty-third, up Twenty-third to Christian, down Christian to junction 
on Seventh street. 

FIFTH AND SIXTH STREETS.— ikr«z« Line ; yellow cars— red lights. Leai-e Depot, Ken- 
sington avenue and Cumberland street, down Kensington avenue to Front street, down Front to Berks, 
up Berks to Si.xth, down Sixth to Mifflin, Mifflin to Fifth; return up Fifth to Berks, down Berks to 
Front, up Front to Kensington avenue, Kensington avenue to Depot 



Suppleinattary. 
XVII.-SUPPLEMENTARY. 



121 




THE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA. 

HILADELPHIA enjoys the distinction of being the birth-place of American 
insurance, for it was in this city that the first marine, fire, and life companies 
which were organized on this continent saw the light. The venerable cor- 
poration whose name stands at the head of this article was not the earliest company 
formed in Philadelphia for the purjDose of doing the business of insuring against loss by 
fire (though it was the pioneer marine company) , but it was the first that was organized 
as a stock company, and is, therefore, to-day, the oldest joint stock fire insurance com- 
pany in the United States. Towards the close of the last centuiy, several gentlemen 
of means in Philadelphia projected a company which was christened " The Universal 
Tontine," the object of which was to raise a sum - y^^^j^ ^- - ^^^^"^ i^^ ^w^^^gfr^s^. 
upon lives, to be applied to charitable and other 
uses specified in the articles of agreement ; but 
further investigation led to its abandonment, and 
on November 3d, 1792, the subscribers thereto met 
at the State House, to devise other means for the 
employment of their funds, which resulted in con- 
verting the Tontine association into a society to be 
called the " Insurance Company of North Ameri- 
ca," and placing the capital at|6oo,oco. On De- 
cember 10, 1792, a meeting of the stockholders 
was held, and fifteen directors chosen. The char- 
ter was granted by the Pennsylvania Legislature 
during its session of 1794, receiving the sanction of 
the Governor, April 14, 1794. The corporation 
was styled in this charter, " The president and 
directors of the Insurance Company of North 
America," a title which is preserved in its policies 
to the present day, and this charter empowered the 
company " to make insurance upon vessels or mer- 
chandise at sea, or upon any goods, wares, or mer- 
chandise or other personal property, going or gone 
by land or water, or in dwelling houses, warehouses 
or stores, or upon buildings against the risque rising from fire, or upon the life or lives of 
any person or persons, and to lend money upon bottomry and respondentia, and generally 
to transact and perform all the business relating to the objects aforesaid." The directors' 
roll in 1794 contained the names of the following persons : Joseph Ball, John Leamy, 
Walter Stewart, Magnus Miller, "William Mc'Murtrie, Charles Pettit, Robert Ralston, 
Standish Ford, Thomas Moore, John Fry, Jr., John Wilcox, Arch. McCall, John 




INSURAN'CE COMP Y OF NORTH AMERICA 
BUILDING, 232 WALNUT ST. 








_^ -^ ^fff 'ff 



CALLOWHILL STREET BRIDGE, 

OYER THE SCHUYLKILL RIYEH, AT THE FAIHMCUHT WATER WORKS 

.ecio ™^.,^!;!^i!:=;:„^n,r;;i;i"i;;^ :spelil::^Se^;^ r\':'r %^t ^"'^^°-'= --^ ^"''^'^""^' --— ■ ''> -" ■^^^ °f ™- ™---- ■" •"« 

J. H. LniviUe, Ksq.,an(i the superstruc ure ise^ec^ed hv h. 1 W ^J°' ' °^ "^' nt..rnational lixhibilion. The main spin of ,50 feel, was designed l.v 

the largest and n.osl important bridges rite IS StaVa^f.^^^^^^ P Con>p,,ny. of which that gentlen>an ,s the President. This company haveerec.ed°on,e of 

The bridge consists of one span oter Callowh" strelT 80 ?.« if '^ ^ advertisement in another place. The following is a summary of the superstructure: 

colonnades on west side, 230 feet : bridee over Thinielh s,r.^ ' , , colonnades on east side. 105 feet ; main span over the Schuvlkill river, 350 feet ; ten arch 
feet. The upper floor of the bridge fa f°erabove hill! ' '/'" ' '"7" V^" °^ P'''"' '^"^"'' 3°° ^^'^ =^P-^" "^" Pennsvlvania Railroad, 1.^0 feet ; total ..95 
each. The lower floor is 50 feel wide accon.mod 1 L ^ rn°.H "'■'''7''>'' "1'^ '' +8,/<=" '" ^^'"''h' l>etween balustrades: the roadwav is 32 feet, and the sidewalks 8 feet 
east, and Bridge street on the west The lower r,v'>,Kv'";v /,„,,, ^'/-"n """f,'"'^ «alks. The upper roadway accommodates travel between Spring G.trden street on the 
Mantua branch of llie Race and Vine s. ree s ^"'seneer R lil^.,'' Callowhill street wilh Haverford street, by way of Thirtieth street. The cars of the He,:onville and 
on the upper roa.lway, via Bridge and Spring G.mle.l streets. ' ' ''"'"■"'^' °" ">^ '""'^ l^°°'' ^y «-iy of Callowhill and H.iverford streets, and return eastward, 



122 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

Craig, John Swanwick, Samuel Blodgett, Jr., Thomas Fitzsimmons, John Vaughan, 
John Ross, Francis West, Peter Blight, Robert Smith, John HoUingsworth, Thomas 
TincrfV and T^hilm \ul Im 




FAC-SIMILE OF THE ENGRAMNG AT THE HEAD OF THE POLIC\ USED BY THE COMPANY IN l8l2. 



When the company began business it occupied a small and unpretending building 
on Front street, near Walnut street. But, nevetheless, the humble office was the scene 
of heavy transactions from the outset. In the year 1 797 upwards of $700,000 in maripe 
premiums were received by the Insurance Company of North America. In 1798 
nearly 1 1,500,00 were received. In 1850 there came a "great fire" to Philadelphia. 
It burned three hundred dwellings, inflicting a damage of 1 1,5 00, 000, which was 
thought to be a large loss in those days. The Insurance Company of North America 
was a sufferer to some extent, but its loss was a bagatelle to what it had to undergo 
in the fires of later years, in other cities. The office of the company was removed to 
its present headquarters, No. 232 Walnut street, about this time. The losses of the com- 
pany in the great Portland fire of 1866 were $50,000; in the Chicago fire of 1871 it 
lost $580,000 ; and, a year later, by the great Boston calamity, its losses were nearly 
a million dollars. But it never flinched ; its claims, on all these occasions, were fully 
paid, and for this faithfulness to its engagements, business has poured in from every 
quarter; lost funds have been rapidly restored, and in 1872 affiiirs were so prosperous 
that the company raised its capital stock to 1 1,000,000. The old subscribers were al- 
lowed to have the new stock at par — $10 per share, while it was selling on the market 
at $25 per share. The latter quotation is still maintained. The aggregate amount of 
the assets of the Insurance Company of North America is now $4,686,812.96, 
(making it, next to the ^tna, of Hartford, and the Home, of New York, the largest 
company in the United States doing a fire insurance business), and its next statement 
will show a surplus over all liabilities, including capital, of nearly one million dollars. 

The following is the Board of Directors : — Arthur G. Coffin, William Welsh, Geo- 
L. Harrison, Francis R. Cope, Edward S. Clarke, T. Charlton Henry, Louis C. Ma- 
deira, Charles W. Cushman, Clement A. Griscom, William Brockie, Charles Piatt, 
Henry Winsor, William H, Trotter, Albert F. Damon, Thomas C. Price, Samuel 
Field and Charles Wheeler. 



Siipplemoitmy. 



123 



THE PHILADELPHIA SCALE AND TESTING MACHINE WORKS. 
" When and where Scales were first made." 

It is known to but very few that Philadelphia was first and foremost in this branch 
of mechanical arts, the inventing and making of what is known as the modern platform 
scales. In l!^22, {eight years previous to the starting of any other scale works in any 
quarter of the country'), Thomas Ellicott, of Philadelphia, made the first platform 
scale with graduated beam for the Lehigh Navigation Coriipany, in 1822. The great 
number and varieties now made are modifications of those made by him. Many in- 
genious and useful inventions have since been added to render his discovery still more 
important. The famous Furnace Charging Scale, the long Railroad Track Scale and 
double beams, &c., the invention of A. B. Davis, and the inventions of the present 
proprietors of these works, the Messrs. Riehle Brothers, who also introduced their new 
style Testing Machine, make the Philadelphia Scale and Testing Machine Works one 
of the institutions worthy of remark in this city. 

The building occupied 
by the American Baptist 
Publication Society, No. 
530 Arch street, is the 
centre 6f large and in- 
creasing business. The 
society was organized in 
1824, for the diffusion of 
religious literature. The 
periodical issues from its 
presses, including The 
National Baptist, a first- S 
class religious and family 
newspaper and represen- 
tative Baptistjournal, with 
several Sunday-school 
serials, amount in the ag- 
gregate to nearly a million 
copies. The building now 
occupied is entirely inade- 
quate for the increasing 
work of the society, and 
the funds are already se- 
cured for the erection of a 
commodious structure on 
the south side of Chest- 
nut, west of Broad street. 



^^^^^^^^iP^ii^ ^^ 




124 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 

Horticultural Hall, on Broad street, adjoining the Academy of Music on the 
south, is a popular favorite with Philadelphians. While the exterior is pleasing, the 

interior is fitted up with 
due regard to all the 
requirements of social, 
festive and public gath- 
erings of the nineteenth 
century. The directors 
of this building have 
left no appliances un- 
tried for the accommo- 
dation of large public 
meetings, lectures, con- 
certs, balls and othet 
social gatherings, for 
which purposes the use 
of Horticultural Hall 
is in constant request 
and its popularity is 
always growing. 

The large factory of the North American Smelting Company, Nos. 15 lo and 15 12 
Spring Garden street, Philadelphia, is an establishment of considerable importance. 
Here are manufactured the famous Babbit, Type and Stereotype Metals, Tinners' 




HORTICULTURAL HALL. 




NORTH AMERICAN SMELTING COMPANY S WORKS. NOS. I510-I2 SPRING GARDEN STREET. 

and Coppersmiths' Solders, Pig Copper, Antimony, etc. This Company, without 
doubt, transacts the largest business in its special line in the United States, extending 
its operations not only to all our States and Territories, bnt also to Spain and the 
British Provinces. 



Supplementary. 



125 



At No. 1308 Chestnut street, on the first floor, may be found F. A. North & Go's 
Wholesale and Retail Music Repositoiy. Here is always on hand an immense amount 
of Sheet Music and Musical Merchandise generally. 

Among the establishments which have become household words among educated 
Philadelphians, and are known throughout the United States, we should not forget to 
mention the Piano Forte and Organ Emporium of E. M. Bruce & Co., occupying 
the second, third, and fourth floors (over Messrs. North & Co.'s store,) No. 130S 
Chestnut street. We herewith present an engraving of their warerooms, where may 
always be found in stock the Patent Arion Pianos. These favorite instruments have 
four new patents, which, combined, make them the best Pianos in the market. They 
have attained and richly deserve a very extensive celebrity, and, as the best test of 
their value, are greatly prized by all who use them. The touch and tone cannot be 
surpassed, while the manufacturers have spared neither pains or expense in their con- 
struction, in order to attain a degree 
of strength and durability which are 
too often neglected in the " build " of 
many other houses. When purchas- 
ing a Piano it is quite as well, as the 
article will form a part of the furni- 
ture of the purchaser, through a series 
of years, to buy one that will not dis- 
appoint in any particular, and which 
will impart pleasure whenever used, 
and we can therefore, not only for the 
reasons referred to, but for others also 
which we might give, strongly recom- 
mend a trial of this Patent Arion 
Piano, of which a large stock will 
always be found on hand to select 
from, at various prices, in the ware- 
rooms of E. M. Bruce & Co. 

But no dwelling can be pro- 
nounced completely furnished without 
a Cottage Organ, and Messrs. Bruce 
& Co. have alsoa large supply of all eflce S. co s pi^no akd organ rooms 

sizes of the Estey Cottage Organ, an instrument which has attained the astonishing 
sale of one thousand monthly. This Organ has the "Vox Jubilante," "Vox Hu- 
mana," and the « Violetta" (an entirely new stop), rendering it without an equal. It 
is used to lead the devotions of thousands of Sabbath-schools and multitudes of pri- 
vate families throughout the United States. All desirous of examining a really fine 
stock should call at No. 1308 Chestnut street, where the most fastidious taste can be 
satisfied. 




126 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia, 



haseltine's superb collection of oil paintings and aquarelles. 

The rooms oc- 



cupied by CharlesF.. 

Haseltine, 1125-27 

Chestnut street, are 

a favorite resort for 

connoisseurs, the 

gallery of paintings 

therein contained 

forming one of the 

attractions of that 

great thoroughfare. 

~ Mr, Haseltine has 

J branch agencies at 

- No.4oRue.Blanche, 

^ Paris, and Nos. 20 

^ and ^o Via Babuino, 

^Rome. From these 

" and other European 

c agencies at Dussel- 

>-"dorf, Munich, Ber- 

J lin, Vienna, Brus- 

^ sels, Antwerp, Am- 

^ sterdam,TheHague, 

y Florence, Dresden, 

P London and Ma- 

M drid, contributions 

of the ancient and 

u modern masters are 

i always in transit to 

'-' these headquarters 

in Chestnut street, 

while artists from 

all parts of America 

consign many of 

their works to this 

famous gallery, 

which is resorted to 

on all occasions by 

the intelligent and 

fashionable circles. 




Supplementary. 



127 



The Order of Odd Fellows was instituted in this city about the year 1823, and the 
need of a building in which the lodges could hold their meetings was the cause of the 
origination of a plan to erect a 
large central hall, at Sixth and 
Cresson streets, about the year i S44 . 
The cost of its erection and fur- 
niture amounted to $90,000. 
Seventeen Lodges united for the 
purpose of its construction, as fol- 
lows : — Pennsylvania No. i, 
Washington No. 2, Wayne No. 3, 
Morning Star No. 4, Franklin No. 
5, General Marion No. 6, Phila- 
delphia No. 13, Philanthropic No. 
15, Lafayette No. 18, Amity No. 
19, Teutonia No. 21, Adelphi No. 
22, Friendship No. 2, 




ODD FELLOW b H\LL 

Robert Morris No. 29, Decatur No. 33, United States 
No. 34, and the Hancock No. 42. The office of the Grand Secretary is in the Hall. 
There is also a library of eight thousand volumes, two very large and six me- 
dium sized lodge rooms, and one large encampment room. The Grand Lodge and 
Grand Encampment, Trustees of the Hall Association, Trustees of O. F. Cemetery 
Co., one Degree Lodge, forty-seven Subordinate 'Lodges, and twelve Encampments, 
hold their meetings in it. The ground floor front on Sixth street is divided into four 
stores, two on each side of the main entrance. The store at the corner of Cresson 
street is occupied by Mrs. William Curtis, for the manufacture and sale of regalia and 
society furnishing goods. This is the well known Curtis' Odd Fellows and Masonic 
depot, whose fame is a household word wherever secret organizations exist. This 
house was established in 1846, upon the completion of the hall, by William Curtis 
(Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge,) and Daniel Norcross, under the title of Curtis 
& Norcross. The latter gentleman becoming imbued with the gold fever, sold out his 
interest to his partner in 1849, and, removing to San Francisco, opened a similar 
establishment, which for many years was the only house of the kind upon the Pacific 
Coast, and still continues to enjoy a high celebrity. Mr. Curtis continued the business 
alone until his death in 1868. Since that time his widow has fully maintained the 
well earned reputation achieved during the life-time of her husband. The principle 
upon which this house conducts business commends itself to all. Adhering strictly to 
the rule, " one price and no variation," manufacturing their own goods, which are sold 
directly to consumers, at the smallest possible advance upon the cost of production, 
first-class goods are furnished at prices really less than those charged by rival dealers 
for inferior stock — a matter of astonishment to those unacquainted with this principle 
of business, but to the intelligent business man it is plainly apparent. As they do a 
strictly cash business, they carry no bad debts, hence their good customers do not have 
to make up losses through bad ones. 



128 



Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 




The Carleton Mills cover a whole square from Twenty-third to Twenty-fourth 
street, and from Hamilton to Linn, and are among the most complete for the manufac- 
ture and finishing of textile fabrics to be found. The main mill on Hamilton street is 

chiefly devoted to weav- 
ing, the firm having in 
all some eight hundred 
looms. Their leading 
product is fine worsted 
dress goods and black 
alpacas, but they also 
manufacture repellents, 
shawls, flannels, cassi- 
meres, and various cot- 
ton goods, being fully 
equipped for every pro- 
cARLETON MiLi.-i. ccss for Spinning and 

weaving carded wools, worsteds and cottons, and for dyeing and finishing the raw 
materials, yarns and piece goods. They have employment for one thousand hands, and 
their two large Corliss engines are famous for their beauty and completeness. 

SCHUYLER & ARMSTRONG, MAIN OFFICE K. OF P. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 
This business was established in 1830, at the northeast corner of Fourth and Bea- 
ver streeets, 1 6th Ward, by 
Philip R. Schuyler, Sr., who, 
at his death, in 1857, was suc- 
ceeded by his youngest son, 
Philip R. Schuyler, Jr., who 
removed to 2054 North Sixth 
street, where his only son, Da- 
vid H. Schuyler, succeeded 
him at his death in 1862, and 
the present firm of Schuyler & 
Armstrong was formed in 1871, 
by the admission of his 
brother-in-law, Sam'l S. Arm- 
strong. This houje has branch 
offices in various sections of 
the city. The enterprise of 
this firm is evidenced by the 
establishment of the beautiful 
cemetery called Greenwood, 
located near Frankford, 23d 
Ward, of which Mr. Schuyler is Treasurer and Special Agent. Their stock of hearses, 
carriages, caskets, air caskets, and funeral furniture of every description is the finest 
and largest in the city. Their office is open day and night for transacting business. 




SCHUYLER & Armstrong's office. 



Siipplementary. 



129 



THE PENN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA. 

This popular company, chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania on the 
24th day of February, 1847, was authorized to transact the business of Life Insurance 
on the MUTUAL plan; began operations on May 25th, 1847, and we may add, the" Penn" 
is the only entirely Mutual Company chartered by the State of Pennsylvania. 
Among the prominent features 
of this company we may state 
that the officers are required 
to make annual statements of 
its affairs ; and after paying all 
losses and expenses, and pro- 
viding the risks, to divide the 
surplus equitably among the 
insured, applying the share of 
each to the reduction of the 
next annual premium, thus 
securing to every policy holder 
the amplest benefits of Life 
insurance. The company has 
issued over 16,500 Life and 
Endowment policies, insuring 
$42,000,000; and after paying 
losses of $3,000,000, and re- 
turning surplus amdunting to 
§2,500,000, has accumulated a 
Reserve Fund of §5,000,000 
for the protection of its policy 
holders. All of its policies 
are non-forfeitable for their 
value after the third annual 
payment. Particular attention 
is called to the Life-Rate Non- 
forfeitable Endowment Policy 
which, while giving protection 

to the family of the assured in ,,,^ ,,„,„^^ ^„^,^,^.^ 

case of his early death, also provides, at moderate rates of premium, a fund for future 
support should he reach old age. The building in which the business of the company 
IS transacted, and of which we here present a cut, is situated at No. 921 Chestnut 
street, Philadelphia. The officers aie :-Samuel C. Huey, President; Samuel E. 
Stokes, First Vice-President; H. S. Stephens, Second Vice-President; James Weix 
Mason, Actuary; Henry Austie, Secretary, 




130 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



PENNSYLVANIA CANCER INSTITUTE. 

Cancer can be cured by Prof. H. T. Bond, of the Penna. Medical and Surgical 

Institute, 3208 
Chestnut street. 
Dr. Bond can 
be consulted 
daily on all Can- 
cerous, Scrofu- 
lous affections, 
and diseases of 
the Skin and 
Blood. Medi- 
cines sent to any 
partoftheworld. 
Dr. Bond's Med- 
ical Institute is 
the finest in the 
country, and of- 
fers advantages 
superior to any 
other in the 
United States. 
Dr.Bond'smode 
of treatment for 
Cancer and 
Scrofula is a 
positive specific 
for these mala- 
dies; a positive 
cure for Cancer 
in even its most 
apparently hope- 
less form, and 
was discovered 
by Prof. Bond 
after years of ex- 
perience in the 
public clinics of 
Phila., and ex- 
tensive traveling 
in the principal 
cities of Ameri- 

PENNA. CANCER INSTITUTE, MARBLE TERRACE. 

ca ; gaining all possible information concerning the treatment of this dreadful disease. 




Supplementary. 



131 



John Lucas & Co., whose office and storehouses are situated at Nos. 141 and 143 
North Fourth street, 
Phila., are the pro- 
prietors of one of the 
most extensive Color 
and Paint manufactur- 
ing establishments in 
the United States. We 
present a view of their 
factories atGibbsboro, 
N. J., a few miles from 
Phila. In labor-saving 
machinery and appli- 
ances for producing 
the articles pertaining 
to thisbranch of manu- 
factures at the lowest 
possible cost, their 
factories are said to be 
the most complete of 
of any in this country. 
Both steam and water 
power are used, the 
latter being obtained 
from a beautiful lake 
situated on their prop- 
erty ; the great purity 
of this water affords 
an additional advan- 
tage in the manufac- 
ture of fine colors. 
The brilliant and du- 
rable Swiss and Impe- 
rial French Greens, 
which have become 
so well-known in this 
and other countries, 
are pro-Juced only at 
Gibbsboro, and are 
the most prominent 
specialty of this house. 
They also manufac- 
ture largely White 
Leads, Zincs, Colors, 
high-grade Varnishes 
and Di-yers, and are 



agents for French, English and American Plate and Window Glass. 




132 Hand-Book of PhiladelpJiia. 

South of Chestnut, on the east side of Fourth, occupying Nos. 115, 117, 119, 121 
and 123 South Fourth street, the Forrest Building, one wing of which is here repre- 
sented, forms a conspic- 



uous and attractive 
feature. Erected in 
the most substantial 
manner, the front of 
Pictou stone, divided 
into four stories and 
basement, it occupies a 
frontage of fifty-five 
feet and a depth of 
eighty-six feet. This 
magnificent property 
was erected in 1867-68, 
and is held by trustees, 
the entire net income 
being devoted to edu- 
cational purposes. It is 
fitted up with every 
means and appliance of 
modem invention for 
comfort and conveni- 
ence. The offices, forty- 
two in number, are all uf 
them well lighted and 
heated, and are in de- 
mand by professional 
and business men, ow- 
ing to the central loca- 
tion of the building. 
The entire second story 
of the right wing of 
■i HE FoRKtsT BUILDING. j-jjjg structure is occu- 

pied by Messrs. Howson & Son, whose Patent and Patent Law Offices here, and in 
Washington, are well-known to inventors and manufacturers throughout the country. 
Five adjoining and capacious well appointed offices are occupied by this firm for their 
staff of clerks and draftsmen. Mr. H. Howson, a civil and mechanical engineer, who 
established this house in 1853, is the senior partner, and Mr. Charles Howson, Counsel 
in Patent cases, has charge of the Law department. The branch office in Washington 
is situated in Seventh street, directly opposite the U. S. Patent Office. In the extensive 




Supplementary. 



133 



and popular establishment of Messrs. Howson & Son are combined all Ihe facililies 
for procuring United States and Foreign Patents, for defending Patents before the United 
States Courts and for the prosecution of all other Patent Law business. 




The accompanying cut presents an interior view of a portion of Messrs. Howson & 
Son's Establishment. The firm have availed themselves of the opportunity which the 
plan of the building offered, to arrange a series of apartments, which for the purpose 
of their business, could not be excelled. 

Besides the facilities which they have here provided for the prompt attendance to 
the great quantity of business entrusted to them, they possess in their Washington 
Branch Office, with which they are in constant communication, an advantage which 
experienced Inventors, who understand the importance of ready access to the Patent 
Office and its Records, will fully appreciate. 

THE WORKINGMEN's COFFEE HOUSES 

Of Philadelphia were originated by Joshua L. Baily, Esq., a merchant of this city. 
The Central Coffee House is at the northeast corner of Fifteenth and Market streets, 
and the Model Coffee House at No. 31 S. Fourth street. " The object of these coffee 
houses," as Mr Baily says, " is to accommodate what seems to be an imperious demand 
for stimulants — a demand we cannot hope to eradicate, but which we may control and 
direct by supplying a substitute for alcoholic drinks." To give this purpose greater 
efficiency, the coffee houses have been neatly fitted up, and made both comfortable and 
attractive. From various sources there is ample evidence that the aim in the establish- 
ment of the coffee houses has been answered in restraining intemperance, and that 
marked and encouraging results have been reached, exceeding anything supposed at 
the outset as possible. The numberof persons who take coffee at the Central is be- 
tween 700 and Soo daily, and at the Model 1 200 — a daily aggregate of nearly 2000. 



134 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



A MAMMOTH STATIONERY AND BLANK BOOK-HOUSE; 




Supple^nentary. 135 

It is rather characteristic, we believe, of Philadelphia business men not to blow their 
own trumpets. We have in Philadelphia a large number of manufacturing industries, 
and some of them exceed in extent those of any city in the Uuion. We were not aware 
until recently that the Blank-Book Manufacturing and Stationery business of William 
Mann, which he started in 1849, had reached such immense proportions. It now occu- 
pies probably the largest building devoted to this one purpose m the United States, and 
is, undoubtedly, the most complete. 

It was purchased by Mr. Mann for $125,000; is 24 feet front and 200 feet deep, 
five stories high, and runs through to Commerce street. The clear value of the build- 
ing and machinery is over 11225,000. At this establishment 

RAILROAD COMPANIES, 
MERCHANTS, 

MANUFACTURERS, 

BANKS AND BANKERS, 

BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN, 
Are promptly supplied with all they use, viz : 
BLANK-BOOKS, 

PRINTING, 

LITHOGRAPHING, 

AND 

STATIONERY OF EVERY VARIETY, 
At fair and reasonable prices. 

The business has been conducted from small beginnings, as a Strictly One-Price 
Store, from which there is no departure. A firm in New Orleans can have orders 
filled as cheaply by mail as in person. The residents of the city and visitors to it are 
invited to call and they will receive a hearty welcome whether they desire to purchase 
or not. 

Call upon or address, 

WILLIAM MANN, 

No. 529 Market street, 

PHIIADELPHIA. 




[136J 



Supplementary. 



137 



THE PHILADELPHIA NATATORIUM AND PHYSICAL INSTITUTE, 

On Broad street below Walnut, is a favorite resort for young Philadelphians, of both 
sexes. It contains a swimming basin 30 by loo feet, and a gymnasium. It contains 
every means and appliance for the development of the human frame, and every oppor. 
tunity is afforded for the acquisition of the art of swimming. 




The Wills' Hospital, for the relief of the indigent blind and lame, was opened for 
the reception of patients March 3d, 1834, in pursuance of the last will and testament of 
James Wills, who left about $122,548 for the purpose. Besides this amount, 
1 1 8,400 78 has since been contributed by other benevolent citizens. By prudent 



138 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



management, however, and the sale of portions of the Hospital grounds, the funds now 
amount to ^225,100. There are at present only forty beds, and these are utterly in- 
adequate to meet the demand, but no more can be put in the Hospital, owing to the 
want of room, while one hundred could be filled were there room and means to support 
them. 51,440 patients have received the benefits of this charity since 1S34. The in- 
stitution is under the management of the Board of City Trusts. 




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MERCANTILE LIBRARY — INTERIOR VIEW. 



The Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia, a reference to which is made on 
page 47 of this work, occupy a building on Tenth street, above Chestnut, the interior 
being 300 by 80 feet; the length of the main library room is 187 feet. The number 
of volumes in the library is now about 1 15,000; There are 503 periodical publications, 
including quarterlies, monthlies, daily and other papers regularly filed in this institution. 
The total number of visitors to the library during the year 1874 was 501,621. The 
Newspaper, Reading and Chess Rooms are very attractive, well-furnished, and pre- 
eminent in their appliances for convenience and comfort. We present views of the ex- 
terior and interior, giving the reader a correct idea of this truly worthy institution. The 
membership at present includes about twelve thousand persons. The management of 
the Company has become deservedly popular, and the institution is a decided feature 
in Philadelphia life, in which citizens of every social station may take a genuine 
pride. 



Supplementary. 




MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 

The Gethsemane Baptist Church, located on the northwest corner of Eighteenth 
street and Columbia avenue, 
is in the Norman style of 
architecture, and is con- 
structed of Trenton brown- 
stone, with trimminrs of 
Natrona stone. On the first 
floor are the general Bible 
school room, the infant 
school room, the church 
parlor and library. These 
can all be thrown into one 
by moving partitions, and 
have a seating capacity of 
seven hundred. The 
second floor contains the 
main audience room, the 
pastor's study, a chorister's 
room, and the two robing 
rooms. The audience 
room has one thousand sit- 
tings, and is handsomely 
furnished. The w o o d- 

work is solid walnut : the _ ,,„ .i—,, ,. -. - ^ , 

walls are richly frescoed ; gethsemane baptist church. 




140 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



the windows are ornamented with stained glass. The choir gallery, in the rear of the 

pulpit, is unusually large, and 
adapted to the purpose of a 
chorus choir. The organ forms 
a beautiful background. This is 
^y= the largest and most expensive 
building for religious purposes 
north of Spring Garden and west 
of Broad street. 

The Mantua Baptist Church, 
at the corner of Silveth and 
Fortieth streets, has recently been 
erected at a cost of $45,000. It 
occupies a lot 53 by 90 feet, in 
^ a neighborhood which is rapidly 
^^P growing in population and im- 
portance, within live squares 
of the grounds occnpied by tne 

MANTUA BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Centennial International Exhibition. Kev. J. G. Walker is the pastor. 





THE PENNSYLVANIA ASYLUM FOR THE BLIND 

Is situated at the corner of Twentieth and Race streets. The semi-weekly concerts, in 



Supplementary. 



141 



■which none but blind persons take part, are very attractive occasions for visitors. A 
description of the institution will be found on page 69. 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK AND PUBLISHING HOUSE, IOI8 AND I020 ARCH ST. 
This fine building, recently enlarged and beautified, is the property of the <-^ Phila- 
delphia Conference Tract Society of the M. E. Church;'' and is under the direction of a 

Board of Managers, aided by Rev. J. B. 



McCullough, the Corresponding Secretary 
of the Society. The Society was organized 
in March, 1 853, and commenced business, 
in a small way, at No. 119 N. Sixth Street. 
Here it remained until the Spring of 1866, 
when it removed to 1018 Arch street, and 
entered upon a more successful career, under 
the agency of Rev. S. W. Thomas. In 
1873, the Society purchased the adjoining 
lot, No. 1020, and in 1874 the entire block, 
50 by 150 feet, was built up. The edifice 
now embraces two stores on the main floor, 
a large printing department in the basement 
and in the rear, a commodious hall for 
general church purposes, and a number of 
rooms well adapted to use as offices. The 
business of the house is principally the pub- 
lication and sale of books and tracts de- 
signed for use in Methodist Churches and 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK ROOMS. Sunday-schools ; but it is now entering 

more largely into the general trade in moral and religious books adapted to all de- 
nominations. The profits of the Concern, as soon as the improvements are paid for, 
will be used in the benevolent work of the Church. The house is worthy of the patron- 
age of all who wish good books, and especially of such as desire to do good^ as well 
as gratify themselves. 

A LARGE PAPER WAREHOUSE. 
One of the well-known and noteworthy features among the commercial circles of 
Philadelphia is the large and flourishing paper warehouse of J. G. Ditman & Co., Nos. 
506 and 508 Minor street. Almost anything in the various lines of paper needed by 
every class of business, may here be found. Printers can be supplied by the single or 
by the thousand reams of paper, at very short notice, while storekeepers and stationers 
find all their wants in every variety satisfied in the most rapid and obliging manner, at 
prices which cannot but please all purchasers. 




142 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 

LIST OF PRINCIPAL BUSINESS HOUSES. 



(Agents, ^Ment. 

Connolly Brothers, No. 424 Walnut street. 
Howson & Son, No. 119 South Fourth street. 
WIEDEESHEIM, JOHN £., No. no S. Fourth St. 

(Attificial geeth. 

WHITE, SAMUEL S., Cor. Twelfth and Chestnut. 

(Agents, (Insurance. 

MATHER & CO., No. 308 Walnut street. 
HoUinshead & Buckman, No. 404 Walnut street. 

(Axle (Manufacturers. 

Pennsylvania Axle Works, Advena & Heald, N.E. 
Cor. Fifteenth street and Fairmount avenue. 

(Bankers and §rokers. 

PETERSON, P. S. & CO., No. 39 South Third street. 
DeHaven & Bro., No. 40 South Third street. 
Drexel & Co., No. 34 South Third street. 
Gilbough, J. W., No. 114 South Third street. 
Se.xton, John W., No. 112 South Third street. 

(Brush (Manufacturers. 

Brintzinghoffer, Charles, No. 935 Market street. 

(Boiler ^Manufacturers. 

Weicke, Edward, 1026 to 1036 New Market street. 

(Bags, (Rope and ^wine. 

Bailey, John T. & Co., No. 120 Chestnut street. 

§ooksellers. 

American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut st. 
Baird, Henry C, No. 406 Walnut street. 
Harding, W. W., No. 630 Chestnut street. 

(gotten (& ^oolen (Goods (Manufacturers. 

Garrett, Philip C. & Co., 23d and Hamilton streets. 

Wood, William & Co., Hamilton street from 21st 
to 22d, and cor. 24th and Hamilton, office and 
showrooms, 22d street below Spring Garden. 

(^hemists, (Manufacturing. 

POWERS & WEIGHTMAN, S. W. Cor. Ninth and 

Parrish streets. 
HANCE BEOS. & WHITE. Marshall and Callowhill. 

(Chemists, (pharmaceutical. 

HANCB BEOS. & WHITE, Marshall and Callowhill. 

(Shurch §oods. 

OESTEELE, H. A., No. 848 North Sixth street. 

(Collecting Agents. 

UEe'cHANTS' ASSOCIATION, incorporated, 131 S. 
Fourth street. 

dOlocks, <§rench and American. 

Cooke, B. J., No. 137 North Third street. 

<^oal §ealers. 

BEANSON, ELLIS, Cor. Eighth and Willow streets. 
EUTCHINS, H. E., No. 1452 North Ninth street. 



(Commission i§ry (§oods. 

Johnston & McCandless, No. 611 Chestnut street. 

Confectioners' ^,,ools. 

Andress, Thos. J. & Co., 229 and 231 Vine street. 

(§uriosities. 

Kline, John W., No. 212 South Eighth street. 

^ivil (Engineers ^ (purveyors. 

Sadler & Urch, No. 518 Walnut street. 

(Card ^riter and (printer. 

Duffy, John, Continental Hotel. 

(§onfectionery. 

Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, 12th and Market sts. 
W. H. Moore, No. 1336 North Tenth street. 

§jntal Materials. 

WHITE, SAMUEL S., Cor. Twelfth and Chestnut. 

fining iSaloon. 

JOHN J. SLIFEE, No. 532 Arch street. 

druggists, Wholesale. 

Hurst, John C, No. 925 Market street. 
Wilson, Wm. M. & Co., No. 206 Market street 
WILTBEE&EE, D. S., No. 233 North Second street. 

(§rug (Broker and importer. 

^Vood, James B., N. E. Cor. Front and Chestnut. 

(f//f (Manufacturers. 

Krumbhaar, Alexander, 1601 Spring Garden street. 

(F,orges, (portable ^ Stationery. 

Keystone Portable Forge Co., 120 Exchange Place. 

§rench §late §lass. 

Shoemaker, Benj. H., 205 to 211 N. Fourth street. 

(Fdne (Arts. 

Haseltine, Chas. E., 1125 and 1127 Chestnut street. 

i^lass ^tainers. 

Gibson, J. & G. H., 123 and 125 S. Eleventh street. 

§rocers, Wholesale. 

Kellogg, Henry C. & Co.. cor. Water and Chestnut. 

(§as (Machines. 

THe"eE7ST0NB SAFETY GAS MACHINE COMPANY. 
No. 717 Saiisom street. 

grindstones. 

MITCHELL, J. E., No. 310 York Avenue. 

(Hair (Bresring (Emporium. 

Mrs. M. Mayer, No. 1328 North Tenth street. 

(^eaters and §anges. 

A. W. EAND, No. 124 North Sisth street. 



List of Business Houses. 



143 



(Homaopathic <§^armacy. 

Lafel, A. J., No. 125 South Eleventh street 

(Hosiery, >Notions ^ iWAfie (Goods. 

Mellor, Bains & Mellor, 441 and 443 Market street. 

insurance (§ompanies, ^iie ^ Marine. 

EELAWAKE MUTUAL SAFETY INSITEANCE COM- 
PANY, S. E. Cor. Third and Walnut streets. 

(Insurance (Companies, §ire. 

Insurance Co. of North America, No. 232 Walnut. 
SABINE h ALLEN, No. 224 Walnut street. 
Sun Fire Insurance Co., No. 434 Walnut street. 

^aw and (Collection Agencies. 

Hardcastle and Co., No. 6ig Walnut street. 

lithographer. 

Weise, A. L., No. 45 South Fourth street. 

feather §elting. 

Forepaugh, Wm. F., Jr. & Bros, Cor. Jefferson and 
Randolph streets. 

Machinists' ^ools. 

BEMENT, WILLIAM B. & SON, Twenty-first and 
Callowhill streets. 

(Maps, (Atlases, ^c. 

J. L. SMITH, No. South Si-xth street. 

petals. 

North American Smalting Co., Nos. isioand 1512 
Spring Garden street. 

Machinists. 

LODGE, JACOB & SON, No. 103 Hudson Street. 

(Merchandise §roker. 

Eastwood, C. W. & Co., N. E. Cor. Front and 
Chestnut street. 

(Morocco (Manufacturers. 

Kindsvater, G., S.W. cor. Oxford & Randolph sts. 

Military §oods. 

Horstmann, Brother & Co., Cor. Fifth and Cherry. 
Migeod, J. M. & Son, No. 510 Race street. 

Rotary (public ^ (Commissioner. 

PEEOT, JOSEPH S., Secretary and Treasurer of 
Merchants' Association, No. 131 S. Fourth st. 

(§,il (Manufacturers. 

STEVENSON. BEO, & CO., No. 132 S. Second street. 

(patent (Agents. 

WIEDEESHEIM, JOHN A., No. no S. Fourth st. 

(paraffin Was: Manufacturer. 

STEVENSON, BEO. & CO., No. 132 S. Seconr' street. 

^hoto-^ithographer. 

Burge, E. M. No. 430 Chestnut street. 

(Pjanos. 

Bruce, E. M & Co., No. 1308 Chestnut street. 



(printers. 

Grant, Faircs & Rodgers, 52 and 54 N. Sixth street. 
SYOEELMOOEE, WILLIAM, No. 506 Minor street. 
0. K. & W. D. HAMMITT, No. 119 S. Fourth st. 

(PAper (Manufacturers. 

MAGASSE, CHAS. & CO., No. 32 South Sixth street. 

T. SEYMOUR SCOTT & BBO., No. 15 North Sixth st, 
also sole agents for the " Pioneer " Patent 
Building and Carpet Paper, and M'^dicated 
Boudoir Paper. 

(faints. 

Pecora Paint Co., No, 150 North Fifth street. 

lEegalias. 

Curtis, Mrs. Wm., No. 146 North Sixth street. 

(Regalia Manufacturers. 

OESTEELE, H. A., No. 848 North Sixth street. 

^^chools. 

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OP THE STATE OP P3N1TA, 

Nos. 1716 & 1718 Market Street. 
Hallowell Hiafh School, Geo. Eastburn, Principal, 

No. 112 North Ninth street. 
Shoemaker, J. W., No. 141 S Chestnut street. 

rSpice M^lls. 

WOEEELL, HOWAED, "Eagle Spice Works," 244 to 
248 North Front street. 

(§eal (Engravers. 

Baumgarten, J., N. W. Cor. Fourth and Chestnut. 

(Seeds. 

Dreer, Henry A., No. 714 Chestnut street. 

(^hipping d^ommission (Merchants. 

Wright, Peter & Sons, No. 307 Walnut street. 

(Silverplaters. 

Burwell, Wm. & Brother, No. 236 Arch street. 

(Scales, (Manufacturers of. 

Riehle Bros., Cor. Ninth and Melon streets, 

(Stereotypers and ^lectrotypers. 

Fagan, J. & Son, Nos. 621 and 623 Commerce st, 

, ^ea §ealer. 

Frank N. Guider, No. gio Girard avenue. 

^russ (Makers. 

Everett, B. C. , No. 14 North Ninth Street 

(Undertakers. 

Schuyler & Armstrong, 2054 North Sixth street 

^ats and ^anks. 

Burkhardt, George J. & Co., 1341 Button wood st 

Victor §a3 (Miciiiii?, 

A. W. EAND, No. 154 North Sisth street. 

^indow (Shade (Manufacturer. 

Kraupa, George, No 2231 N. Second Stfeet, 



144 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Academy of Fine Arts 19 

Academy of Music 14 

Academy of Natural Sciences 15-69 

Advantages of Philadelphia 5 

Aggregate of Manufacturing Products... 78 

Alexander Presbyterian Church 73 

American Hotel 3° 

American Line of Steamers 96 

American Philosophical Society 28 

American Theatre 67 

American Sunday-school Union 36 

Amount of water consumed by city 104 

Apprentices' Library Company 67 

Appearance of the streets 5 

Arch Street Theatre 67 

ArchStreet M. E. Church 18 

Area of the city 4 

Art Gallery -I15 

Asylum for the Blind 69-140 

Athenasum Building 50 

Baldwin's Locomotives 20 

Bank of Commerce 34 

Baptist Home 77 j 

Barbadoes Lot 34 

Battle of Kegs 28 

Bear Pits 112 

Beer Breweries 77 

Below the "Dam '' 104 

Bennett's Tower Hall 8 

Berean Baptist Church 87 

Bethany Mission 63 

Beth Eden Church 15 

Blockley Almshouse 85 

Board of Trade 47 

Board of Public Education 51 

Boardman Chapel n 

Boat Houses m 

Book Collections 29 

Borromeo Seminary 90 

Boys' High School 21 

Bruce & Co's Organ Rooms 125 

Burd Orphan Asylum 9° 

Carpenters' Hall 33 

Cathedral, Logan Square 68 

Cedar Hill Cemetery 91 

Centennial Rooms 49 

Centre Square Waterworks 103 

Central Congregational Church 72 

Chambers' Church 15 

Cherry Hill 73 

Chestnut Street 24 

Chestnut Street Theatre 37 

Chestnut Street Bridge 80 

Chestnut Hill 93-110 

Christ Church 41 

Christ Church Hospital 88 

Christ Church Burial Ground 60 

Church of the Assumption 72 

Church of Epiphany 40 



Page. 

Church of the Messiah 11 

City of Homes 5 

Clyde's Line 95 

Colonnade Hotel 39 

Collegiate and Scientific Departments, ., 

University of Pa 81 

College of Pharmacy 48 

College of Physicians 55 

Commercial Exchange 43 

Common Pleas 28 

Continental Hotel 35 

Concert Hall 37 

Consolidation 4 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum 13 

Delaware Front 93 

Description of Art Gallery 115 

Dundas' Mansion 50 

Early Supply of Water 102 

East Park Reservoir 104 

Eastern Market 46 

Eastern Penitentiary 73 

East Terrace, Lemon Hill loi 

Educational Home 85 

Egglesfield ,101 

Ericsson Line 95 

Evening Telegraph 45 

Extent of the Park 102 

Extent of League Island , 97 

Fairmount Bridge 80-121 

Fairmount Park 100 

Fairmount Park Art Gallery 105 

Falls Bridge m 

Fidehty Bank 32 

Fifth Baptist Church 72 

Fifth Presbyterian Church 67 

First Baptist Church, West Phila 86 

First Presbyterian Church 50 

First Unitarian Church 56 

First Baptist Church 19 

First National Bank 32 

First Troop Cavalry 10 

First Building Erected 3 

First Reformed Church 71 

Flagstaff, Logan Square 67 

Fletcher M. E. Church 89 

Forrest's Residence 21 

Fort Mifflin 98 

Foster Home 76 

Fountain, Franklin Square 70 

Fountain, Rittenhouse Square 62 

Frankford 9^ 

Franklin Institute 46 

Franklin's Grave 66 

Franklin Square 68 

Friends' Meeting House 65 

Front Street 41 

Gas Works 99 

George's Hill 112 



Index. 



145 



Page 

German Hospital 76 

Germantown 91 

Gethsemane Baptist Church 139 

Girard Avenue 74 

Glrard Avenue Bridge 109 

Girard Bank 4). 

Girard Building 30 

Girard College 75 

Girard House 35 

Girls' Normal School 72 

Glenwood Cemetery 78 

Gloria Dei Church 59 

Grace M. E. Church 22 

Grain El e valor 96-99 

Gray's Ferry Road 63 

Green Hill Church 76 

Green Street Entrance to Park 105 

Guarantee Trust Company 32 

Holy Trinity Church 61 

Home for Colored Children 86 

Homoeopathic College 48 

Horticultural Hall 47-124 

Hospital for Insane 87 

Hospital, University of Pa 83 

House of Refuge 76 

Howson's Patent Offices 132-133 

Independence Hall 25 

Independence Square 27 

Insurance Co. of North America 121 

Iron-clads 93 

Jayne's Building 33 

Jefferson College 47 

Jenks' Factory 90 

Jewish Hospital 91 

Jewish Synagogue 21 

Laetitea Penn 2 

Landing of Penn i 

Lansdowne Drive iii 

La Pierre Hotel 16 

Law Library 50 

Laurel Hill 107 

Lazaretto 98 

League Island 97 

Ledger Building 34 

Lincoln's Monument .105 

Logan Mansion 92 

Logan Square 67 

London Coffee House 7 

Looking from Strawberry Mansion 106 

Lucas' Lead Works 131 

Lutheran Orphans' Home 92 

Machinery Hall 116 

Manayimk 93 

Mann's Stationery Store 134-135 

Mantua Baptist Church 140 

Manufactories 78 

Market House 7 

Market Street Ferry 95 

Masonic Temple 18 



! Page. 

I Medical Department, University of Pa... 82 

' Mercantile Library 47-138 

Merchants' Bank 43 

Merchants' Exchange 43 

Messiah Universalist Church 56 

Methodist Book Rooms 141 

Mill Creek Sewer 87 

Monstrous Pines, West Park 102 

Monument Cemetery 23 

Morgue, The 94 

Mud Island 98 

Municipal Hospital 78 

Musical Fund Hall 56 

National Museum 25 

Naval Asylum 63 

Naval Infant School 98 

Navy Yard 97 

New City Hall 6 

New House of Correction 91 

New Ironsides 94 

New Post Office ' 35 

New York Mutual Life Insurance Co 36 

Northern Saving Fund 71 

North American and U. S. Gazette 45 

Odd Fellows' Cemetery 78 

Odd Fellows' Hall 127 

Oldest Methodist Church 70 

Old Man's Home 88 

Old Pine Church 58 

Old University Buildings 84 

Orphan's Society 88 

Orthodox Friends 65 

Oyster Boats 96 

Park Bridges no 

Penn's First Residence 2 

Penn Mutual Life 129 

Penn Square Presbyterian Church 16 

Pennsylvania Historical Society 54 

Pennsylvania Hospital 54 

Pennsylvania Railroad Company 57 

Pennsylvania Railroad Depot 87 

Pennsylvania Railroad Grain Elevator... 96 

Penrose Ferry 79 

Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Co 57 

Philadelphia City Cavalry la 

Philadelphia County Prison 59 

Philadelphia Library 29 

Philadelphia Natatorium 136 

Philadelphia Press Club 30 

Philadelphia Saving Fund 53 

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
more Depot II 

Point Breeze Gas Works 99 

Point Breeze Park 63 

Population of the City 5 

Port Richmond 94 

Post Office 31 

Potters' Field 78 

Powers & Weightman 73 

Presbyterian Board 38 



146 



Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 



Presbyterian Home 85 

Presbyterian Hospital 88 

Preston Retreat 72 

Protestant Episcopal Academy 56 

Public Buildings, The New 6 

Public Ledger 34 

Public Record.. 45 

Quarantine 9^ 

Red Star Line 96 

Ridgway Library 12 

Rittenhouse Square 62 

Rockland Steamboat Landing 106 

Roman Catholic Cathedral 68 

Salem Congregation 73 

Schenck's Building 64 

Schomacker Piano Company 60 

Schuvlkill Arsenal 63 

Schuylkill Front 99 

Schuylkill river from Columbia Bridge... no 

Second Presbyterian Church 61 

Second Reformed Church 73 

Second Street 41 

Sketch Club 49 

Smith's Island 96 

'■ SoUtude" 112 

South Street Bridge 79 

Spring Garden M. E. Church 72 

Spring Garden Presbyterian Church 71 

St. Andrew's Church 56 

Stale House 24 

St£.tu5 of Franklin 29 

St. Augustine's Church 71 

St. Charles' Borromeo Seminary 90 

St. Clement's Church 69 

St. James' Church 61 

St. "John's Catholic Church 48 

St. John's Lutheran Church.. 18-70 

St. John's Orphan Asylum 88 

St. Joseph's Church 58 

St. Joseph's Hospital 76 

St. Mark's Church 62 

St. Mark's Lutheran Church 70 

St. Mary's Church 58 

St. Paul's Church 45 

St. Peter's Catholic Church 74 



Page. 

St. Peter's Episcopal Church.... 46 

St. Stephen's Church 46 

St. Thomas' Church 57 

St. Vincent de Paul Seminary 92 

Strawberry Mansion 106 

Suburban Philadelphia 90 

Sunday Dispatch 45 

Sunday Mercury 45 

Swedenborgian Church 23 

Swede's Church 59 

Tabernacle Baptist Church 40 

Tenth Presbyterian Church 50 

Third Street 43 

Thomson's Residence , 62 

Tinicum Island 98 

Town Hall, Germantown 92 

Treaty Monument 4 

Union League Club 18 

Union Methodist Church 65 

University of Pennsylvania 80-85 

U. S. Appraisers' Storehouse 47 

U. S. Custom House 31 

U. S. Mint 37 

U. S. Signal Service 42 

View from Belmont 103 

Wagner Institute jj 

Wanamaker & Brown 9 

Walnut Street Theatre 50 

Washington's Statue 30 

Washington Square 50 

Water Street 41 

Water Supply 102-104 

West Arch Street Church 65 

West Market Street 10 

West Park in 

Westminster Church 11 

West Philadelphia 79 

West Walnut Street 6e 

Whitfield's College 34 

Will's Hospital 68-137 

Windmill Island 96 

Wissahickon Creek 108 

Woman's Medical College 77 

Woodland Cemetery 86 




AD VER TISEMENTS. 



J. W. GILBOUGH, 

Ho. 114 South Third Street, Philadelphia. 
STOCKS, BONDS, Etc. 

BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION. 

Commercial Paper and Loans Negotiated. Correspondence Solicited. 



WILLIAM BURWELL. 



GEORGE BURWELL. 



WM. BURWELL & BROTHER, 



MANUFACTURERS OF FINE 



AND 

PLAIERS AND GILDERS OF ARTICLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 
No. 236 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

We make a specialty of making First-Class Goods only. Having the requisite 
facilities, we can do the best work at reasonable prices. Replating Table- Ware done in 
the best manner, at short notice. 

Price Lists for new Ware, and also for Re-Plating sent by mail, upon application. 

Orders by mail promptly attended to. ENGRAVING neatly executed. 

i^aaufactnieis and i§ealers in 



SOCIETY GOODS, 

Gold and Silver Laces, 

Fringes and Embroideries, 
Ball Badges, 

Fire Hats, Caps, Belts, 
Horns, Shirts, Lanterns, 
Torches, Plumes, Gloves, 

REGALIA. BANNERS and FLAGS OF ALL 
NATIONS. 

PIONEER SHIRTS, HATS, BELTS AND 
REGALIA FOR CATHOLIC SOCIETIES. 



No. BIO Race Street, Philadelphia. 




AD VERTISEMENTS. 



ESTABLISHED 185 7. 




212 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 

WOULD INVITE THE ATTENTION OF COLLECTORS TO HIS EXTENSIVE STOCK 

OP' 

Coins, Medals, Minerals, Fossils, Gems, Antiques, 
Shells for Collection and Work, 

Articles of Vertu, 

Postage, Revenue, Match, Proprietary and Department Stamps, 
India, Canton, Sevres and Piare China, 

Clocks, Watches, Candlesticks and Snuffers, 
Indian Stone Implements and Pottery, 
Bronzes, Mosaics, Seals and Armor, 
Pipes, Birds Eggs and Nests, 

Engravings and Scrap Prints. 

IDOLS FROM INDIA AND CHINA, SKELETONS AND CRANIA, 

Crests and Monograms, Corals and Sponges, 

Stamp and Monogram Album.s, Etc. 



liTOtiji k pialia^* 



UNITED STATES REVENUE, MATCH, MEDICINE, PROPRIETARY, DEPARTMENT 
AND CONFEDERATE STAMPS, 

COINS, CHINA AND CURIOSITIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
f 

N. B. NEW GOODS RECEIVED DAILY. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 



G. P. N.SADLER. 



C. E. B. URCH. 




JICH, 



CIVIL ENGINEERa 




TIY 



'f 



No. 518 WALNUT STREET, 



(Room No. 15,) 



Particular attention given to Railroad Works, Water Supply 

and Drainage of Towns, laying out of Parks for Suburban 

Residences, Cemeteries, and Subdivision of Lands. 



MMFBMENCBB, 

W. F. ALLEN, C. E., No. 233 S. Fifth St., Phila. TATLOW JACKSON, No. 520 Walnut Street. 

EDGAR N. BLACK, Hog Island, Delaware. A. J. WOMELSDORF, C. & M. E., Pottsville, Pa. 

E. W. WOODWARD, Pres. L & St Louis HEBER S. THOMPSON, Engineer Girard Estate, 
RR., Indianapolis, Ind. Pottsville, Pa. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 




Manufactory and Salesrooms. 



iiBSfMill ilif llli i 

FIFTH AND CHERRY STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, 



MANUFACTUEEES AND IMPOETEES OF 

(p'l '» /ii TP\v 111 •* 






'»f 



We keep constantly on hand a large and varied assortment of MATERIALS and 
TRIMMINGS suited to all the above branches. A large assortment of 

Silk, ^nv.iing andjifzi^lin Flags 

On hand and made to order. Also 

Banner Silks, Bunting, Staffs, Eagles, Ornaments, Spears, 

BALLS, CORDS AND TASSELS, FRINGES, COVERS, BELTS, 
And all articles needed for Flag and Banner Trimming. The trade supplied. 
1^° Mail orders and inquiries shall have prompt attention. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



AD VERTISEMENTS, 




OFFICES: 



COKHOIxIxY BROTHERS. 

No. 108 S. Fourth St. (Provident Building) Philadelphia. 
No. 608 Ninth Street, Washington, D. G-. 



Terms : No charge for preliminary examination. No fees in advance. No fees 
unless successful. No fee until the patent is allowed. Manual free on application. 



mw, 



^-^^ 



€M^ 



%. 



^, 



CANE AND UMBRELLA EMPORIUM, 

" Canes a Specialty." 



&« 



O 

m 









C/3 



M I?-., 
•si fc^l 

I© 



m 

to 
Ml 




AD VERTJSEMENTS. 



GRANT, FAIRES & RODGERS, 

BOOK, lEWgPAPEK A¥B JOB 



"^Wll^-^' 



ir 



©S.5 



9) 



61 €1 



b^' 



™4I K)ll 



^1^9) 



«i i^jf.A.'kjjLi, 



Tiit, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



Letter-Press Printing in all its branches 

PROMPTLY AND CAREFULLY EXECUTED. 



ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. 



AD VER TISEMENTS. 



ESTABLISHED, NEW YORK, 1815. REMOVED TO PHILADELPHIA, rS23. 




:ph:tXjA.td:ei_.x^I5:xj^, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



^-T^^U^I^ 




AD VERTISEMENTS. 



m 



1 1"," 



CillliL lilifi! GDI 1 



D 



OF THE 

CITY OF E>HlJLiA.DEL£>HIA., 




" Proclaim lib. rty throughout tke land, to all the iuhabitaiits thereof." 

PUBLISHED BY CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 

Nos. 624, 626 and 628 Market Street, Philadelphia, 

Exhibits distinctly the routes passed over by the various colored cars, in lines of a cor- 
responding color. It shows the position of all railroad and street car depots, hotels, 
places of amusement, parks, cemeteries and public buildings. 

Secondary streets are omitted to avoid confusion, and the width of those remaining 
is increased, that the routes may be more readily followed. The scales are expressed 
in miles and metres. 

It IS a compact pocket manual which for clearness and interest is not surpassed by 
any popular map of its kind in existence. It makes an excellent reference map for 
offices, when mounted upon the spring balance roller. 

The reverse side contains a MAP OF THE CITY AS IT WAS ONE HUNDRED 
YEARS AGO, thus marking the progress of a century. 

It is accompanied by a tabular statement of all the important data concerning the 
horse car lines, and an explanation of the map in English, French and German. 

Size of Map 28 by 28 inches. Price, in pocket form, 75 cents; mounted on spring 
map roller, $i,. 

^g" Efficient canvassers wanted. Apply to the Publishers. 



AD VERTISEMENTS. 




AND 



The International Exhibition 



AT 



PHILADELPHIA, 




By CHARLES S. KEYSER. 



^btlj jfxliljon. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 

624, 626 & 628 MARKET STREET. 

1875. 

Contains a full description of the Grounds and the Exhibition Buildings, with Illus- 
trations. Price, in fancy paper cover, 75 cents, and in cloth ornate ^i.oo. Sent by- 
mail postage prepaid, on receipt of the price of the book, to any part of the United 
States. Efficient canvassers wanted. Apply to the publishers. 



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Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1874, by William Syckelmoore, in the office of 
the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 

THE OENTENIsriAL CITY. 



SYCKELMOORE'S ILLUSTRATED 







CONTAINING 

ONE HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS, A MAP OF THE CITY, 

AND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY PAGES 

OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER. 

Price Fifty Cents; or, bound in fine cloth, one dollar. 



This work contains more descriptive matter, combining a greater amount of inte- 
resting detail than any work relating to Philadelphia heretofore published. 

RESIDENTS of our city should buy a copy for their own use, because it contains 
an account of many matters of interest not generally known. 

STRANGERS should have it, because there is no work in existence from which they 
can learn so much. 

MERCHANTS should send copies of it to their correspondents, to show them the 
great attractions of Philadelphia. 

All anticipating a visit to the CENTENNIAL should have a copy forwarded to 
them, to show them the capacity of our city for the Great World's Fair of 1876. 

GikXJOH. REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER. 

Nos. 624, 626 and 628 Market St., PMladelpMa. 

' W. SYCKELMOORE, PRINTER, 506 MINOR STREET. 



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"Unadulterated Liquors Only." 



T« DILL0 



DEALER IN 



■^ 






(Om. 



i ^Mii^^i^^ 






No. 42 South Fourth Street, 
No. 609 Chestnut Street, 
No. 933 Arch Street, 
No. 827 Walnut Street, 

No. 337 South Front Street 
No. 340 South Fourth Street, 

N. W. Cor. Fifth and Lombard Streets. 
Cor. Darby Road and Market St 
N.W. cor. 39th # Warren Sts. 

PHILADELPH I A. 



FAMILIES SUPPLIED WITH PURE WINES AND LIQUORS FOR MEDI- 
CINAL PURPOSES, 

AT 'WHOLESALE PRICES. 

Also, IMPORTED and DOMESTIC ALES and BROWN STOUT for 

FAMILY USE. 

Orders left at any of the above branches will receive prompt attention. 

£ T. DILLON. 



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H. A. OESTERLE, 

No. 848 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 

SOLE AGENOY for E. DUVIARD— DIME & OIB, 



i:m:i=oe-tee. .^d^id 2!.d:.A.:LTTj:p.A.OTTJiaEE, oip 




REGALIAS, SOCIETY GOODS, BANNERS, 

HATS, CAPS, BADGES, MEDALS, 

Ho. 848 NORTH SIXTH STREET. PHILADELPHIA. 



AD VERTISEMENTS, 




THOS.J.ANDRESS&CO., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

CONFECTIONERS' MACHINES 

Mso, Druggists' Moulds, Powder Folders, 

ETC., ETC., 

I®i. ill mi 111 flit El.,, f MMi. 



PECORA PAINTS. 

These Paints, after a test of twelve years, have been found to wear 
much longer and cost less than lead paints. Furnished by the pound, or 
by the gallon, ready for use. 

Office, No. 150 Uorth 4th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

N. B. White and all colors. A good Roofing Paint at $1.25 per 
gallon. 

THOMAS P. DILLON, 

I®. 4 %m\\ ii?®itk Stetet mi lo. 11 ^mW ImW %\m%\, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

FINE OLD RVE WHISKEV, 
PURE OLD BRANDY, 

HOLLAND AND OLD TOM GIN, 

BASS'S IMPORTED ALES, on Draught and in Bottles. 
GUINESS' " STOUT 

Families supplied with PURE LIQUORS, at the lowest rates. 



HS;nsH^*£5ckmaH 

Insurance Agents. 



State Agency, 404 Walnut St. 



PHILADELPHIA 



Snrpons' Baniage Mimte, 

No. 14 NOETH NINTH STBEET. 

B. C. Everett's Patent Graduating Pressure 
Truss has cured Rupture of Fifty-eight years 
standing. Elastic Abdominal Supporters, Elas- 
tic Stockings, Shoulder Braces, Anus Bandages, 
Suspensories, Crutches, Deformity Instruments. 
Fifty years' experience. Lady attendant. 

NOTICE — Remember the name and number. 



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Life Insurance Company, 

Office, ir@« ill Ctoeetomt Steeet, 



Incorporated 1847. 

Dividends paid over $2,600,000, 
Losses paid S3.000,000. 




:w 



lOf^r 



Income for 1874, S 1 ,300,000. 

Oast Dividends declared annually. 

Assets S5,000,000. 



The Penn is the only entirely Mutual Life Company chartered by the State of Penn- 
sylvania. 

All of its surplus Premiums are returned to its members every year, thus furnishing 
them Insurance at the lowest passible cost. 

All of its policies are non-forfeitable for their value after the third annual payment. 

Particular attention is called to the Life-Rate Non-forfeitable Endowment Policy, 
which, while giving protection to the family of the assured in case of his early deith, 
also provides, at moderate rates of premium, a fund for future support should he reach 
old age. 

SAMUEL a. HUEY, President. 

§11111, 1. Sf ills, ?iee=PfesiieiL 1, S. Sf If HIS, 11 ?Iee=Fres't.. 



AGENTS WANTED THROUGHOUT THE STATE. 

WITH WHOM LIBERAL ARRANGEMENTS WILL BE MADE. 



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W. W. HARDING, 

(publisher and (Importer of 

FAMILY BIBLES 

PULPIT BIBLES, 




FINEST AMERICANS ENGLISH EDITIONS, 

IN AI_L_ SIZES AND STYLES, 
(And (Manufacturer of 



[qiri 



(Both Linen Guard and Patent Chain Back,) 

1®. 11© oii^f If f siiiif , mmAmimm, 

(Second door below Seventh.) 

E^" CARS FROM THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS and from all parts of the city, BRING 
VISITORS ALMOST TO THE DOOR. 

For nearly half of THE CENTURY just closing HARDING'S EDITIONS 

of the BIBLE have been before the public, and they are too well and favorably 
known to need our praises. But recently many NEW and Elegant Styles have been 
added to the list, and Iinprove77ients have been made in the mechanical execution of 
these editions, rendering them still more acceptable. Attention is especially invited to 
the rich Cx/<3r</ styles of binding. 

PULPIT EDITIONS— Large type. 

FAMILY EDITIONS— (With and without auxiliary matter, such as Bible Dic- 
tionary, History, Photograph Leaves, etc.) 

POCKET EDITIONS.— Oxford, Bagster, and other fine editions. 

TESTAMENTS AND PRAYER BOOKS. 

A very extensive line of PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, 
Albums for Vieius. 

StereosGopic and Graphoseopie Albums, 

Photo- Auto graph Albums, etc., etc. 

W. W. HARDING, 

No. eso CHESTNUT Street, Philadelphia. 



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<m 



DBLISpD ^VERY ^FTERK[pON 



8XT»TID.A."S-S EISCOBFTElla, 



108 e&wtH ®iiia» m- 

PHILADELPHIA. 



THE EVENING TELEGRAPH is an independent Republican Journal, 
occupying a broad and liberal platform, and advocating earnestly and impartially such 
a local and national policy as appears conducive to the best interests of the city and 
country at large. 

From the time of its establishment, THE EVENING TELEGRAPH\2a been 
in receipt of the telegraphic news from the New York Associated Press, and since 
March, 1870, it has been the only afternoon paper published in Philadelphia which 
receives the Associated Press despatches — an exclusive privilege which enables it to 
lay the news of the day before its readers more than half a day in advance of all its 
contemporaries. 

The current news, when important, is always supplemented by full explanatory 
articles, for the preparation of which The Telegraph possesses unrivalled facilities; 
a large share of space is devoted to literary, art, musical and dramatic criticism ; the 
most striking editorials from the leading journals of the world are reproduced, entire, 
and without regard to their political bias ; and a special feature is made of the current 
literature of the day, both foreign and domestic. 

kddress, CHARLES E. WARBURTON. Publisher, 

108 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



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IPTJT 



03sr 




THE MOST EFFICACIOUS VIRTUE 



Because, wounded nature restores itself when thoroughly kept from at- 
mospheric action. Science acknowledges Cosmoline to be a perfect applica- 
tion and protection from oxygen. No rancidity or decomposition, as with 
organic substances. Results are astounding. The suffering should know it. 
Any inflammation, old and corrupt sores, eruptions and sloughing wounds 
yield to it. It is nature's faithful ally in the struggle. For Burns, Scalds, Cuts, 
Bruises, Boils, Blisters, Chafing, Poisons, Bites, Piles, Itching, Tetter, Salt 
Rheum, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Mumps, Sore Throat, Coughing, Frosted 
Limbs, Chapped Skin ; whoever uses it recommends it. 

THE POMADE OF COSMOLINE 

Is equally wonderful in its tonic, detergent and healthful action on the glands 
and hair. Unlike animal or vegetable pomades, which absorb oxygen, de- 
compose, generate heat and destroy the hair, this never becomes rancid, 
nor loses its rich perfume. It cures all scalp diseases, keeps the hair soft, 
glossy, and free from gum. 

Ask any druggist for Plain Cosmoline or for Cosmoline Pomade : 50 cents 
a bottle, with the above trade mark, and the name of E. F. HOUGHTON 
& CO., Philadelphia. 



AD VER TI SEME NTS. 



"The Best and Cheapest Sunday-school Library." 



(FM 



§ifty ^hoice illustrated Volumes, 16mo., bound in ^uslin, and not in any other 

^ elect library. 

This Library contains over 12,000 printed pages, illustrated by 212 large full page, fine 
engravings, and many of the smaller size. 

All the volumes in this Library are valuable and instructive. The price of the Library 
is $26.00, from which we make a discount of TWENTY per CENT, to Sunday-schools, 
making the 

Wet Price for Fifty Large Books ^ only $20.80, 

Sold only in Sets.— Send for a complete Catalogue. 

Books of the size of these in this Library are usually sold at from^i.oo to ^1.25 each. 
Nothing like this Library has been offered for such a small sum. 

PUBLLSHED BY THE 

AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION, 

No. 1 122 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. — Alex. Kirkpatrick. 
Nos. 7, 8 and lo Bible House, New York — G. S. Scofteld; No. 40 Winter Street, 
Boston — E. Shute; No. 98 Dearborn Street, Chicago — W. R. Port; No. 207 North 
Sixth Street, St. Louis — S. Paxson. 

illiamMo Wilson &Co. 

IMPORTING, PACKAGE AND JOBBING 

DRUGGISTS, 

PHILADELPHIA, 



l,F,fOMPm,JIl.(IM. 

SUPERIOR OAK-TANNED 



Northwest Corner of 

Randolph # Jefferson Sts., 

PHILADELPHIA. 
Iti^ Orders hy post immediately attended to. 

SEND FOK PRICE LIST. 




My new revised and enlarged Catalogueof PRAC- 
TICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 
8vo. , will be sent, free of postage, to any one who 
will favor me with his address. 

HENRY CAREY BAIRD, 
Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut St. , Philada. 



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A« 4. 1 ANDEH, 



3srO. 1409 OHIESTHsrXJT STKyEET, 



iPfilJ 




SLIPPERS, SOFA CUSHIONS, RUGS, 

AFGHANS, PATTERNS, SILK, CHENILLE, BEADS, 

FRENCH AND GERMAN FANCY GOODS, 
E^" All kinds of FANCY WORK done to order. 

J.G. DITMAN&CO., 





AND MANUFACTURERS, 

Nos. 506 AND 508 MINOR STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 



Papers of every description made to order. 

The largest stock of Book, News, Manilla, Writing and Ledger 
Papers in the city. 



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- ENGINEERS 



CONTRACTORS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF 




Hewport and Cincinnati, 420 ft. Bellair, 350 ft, Parkersbnrg, 350 ft. Stnebenville, 320 ft 




Oubnque, 360 ft. Kansas City, 360 ft. Keokuk and Hamilton, 387 ft. South Amboy, 472 ft 




rairmount, Phzla., 343 ft. St. Louis, 515ft. 

WROUGHT IRON ROOFS, WROUGHT IRON GIRDERS, 

WELDLESS CHORD LINKS, ROLLING MILLS. 

Album of Designs sent on application. 

OFFICE and WORKS, PITTSBURGH, Pa. 



\%mm^% 



J. H. LINVILLE, President. 



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A. M.COLLINS, SON & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




FOR 




I@, IJ i. illf 1 mi I@. i ilS4f f 1 ill 



!).jy 



PHILADELPHIA. 




PATENT IMPROVEO'teRAPPLE-BREDSEi' 



S HAW S PATENT QUN POWDEB PI LE-DJHVER. 



ILDER8 OF STEAM DREDGING MACHINES, 

GUNPOWBER PILE-DRIVERS, &c. 



CONTRACTORS FOR 



IMPROVING RIVERS AND HARBORS, 

RECLAIMING AND FILLING LOW LANDS, 

PILING FOR FOUNDATIONS, PIERS, Etc. 

Offices, No, 10 South Delaware Ave,, VTiilad'a. 



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Til mmi 4M FAVOEITI lOUTl 

From Philadelphia to the 

LEHIGH and WYOMING COAL REGIONS, 

NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA, 

ELMIRA, ITHACA, ROCHESTER, 

SCRANTON, AUBURN, 

BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS, 
THE GREAT LAKES AND CANADA, 

SEVEN THROUGH TRAINS, DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAYS. 

7 P. M. (EXPRESS) DAILY FOR BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS AND THE WEST. 
FILLIII SLEEPIMG CIIS ITTIClIi. 

TICKET OFFICES:— YIY-XU and CHESTNUT Streets; No. 732 CHESTNUT Street, and at 
Passenger Depot, BERKS and AMERICAN Streets. 

ELLIS CLABK, General Agent. 



Mann's North Pennsylvania Baggage Express will collect and deliver baggage. 
Office, No. loi South FIFTH Street. 

G. KINDSVATER, 

MANUFACTUKER OF 

MOROCCO, SHEEP SKINS, 

All Mil fMIli IQiil llilS, 

S. W. CORNER OF OXFORD AND RANDOLPH STREETS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Always on hand a good assortment of Tampico, Cape Curacoa, Madras and Patna 
Pebbles, Grains, Oil, Kid, Fancy Colors, &c. Striped Goat Bindings and Bookbinder's 
Leather; Maroon, Blue, Yellow, Red, and White Sheepskins; Alum Tanned Horse 
Hides for Base Ball Covers and Whip Lashes. 

N B. The highest cash price paid for Green and Salted Horse Hides and Goat- 
skins. 

C. K. & W. D. HAMMITT, 

GENERAL. ADVERTISING AGENCV, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



AD VER Tl SEME NTS. 








^. S^S C^ffQ^'M^a^ 



PHILADELPHIA. 



The Advantages offered by this estabhshment are : 

1. An unequalled assortment of Job Types. 

2. Every new production of American Foundries added to our stock. 
3- First-class workmanship. 

4. 'Work done when promised. 

5. The same care taken with the smallest as with the largest work. 

6. A complete assortment of the modernized Old Style Faces of 
Type, so much admired by authors and others. 

7. A national reputation for superior work. 

8. Estimates sent to any part of city or country, on receipt of a 
postage stamp. 



o 



SNYDER'S CELEBRATED BITTER CORDIAL 

LEARN THE CORDIAL A, B, C, BY HEART. 

, IT WILL BE BETTER THAN A BARREL OF ORDINARY MEDICINE. 

{x] A is for Adam, who was the first man ; 

^ xTl He got out of the way before Snyder began. 

H "|~> stands for blunders the doctor men make, 

fn -CD When they tell the poor patients what physic to take. |_^ 

^^ /^ is our Cordial, the best ever made, ^CJ 

r£l V^ Throwing all other cordials completely in shade. ^ 

[V, "|~\ for Diseases, Dyspepsia and so forth ; ^ 

p^ X-l When you take Snyder's Cordial they rapidly go forth. |__i 

K 'W7\ for Economy. Good plan to try it ; H^ 

W X-i Our Cordial is only a dollar. Go buy it. I 

PTT' is for Feminine ailments and woes, l-pi 

X^ From which Snyder's Cordial gives rest and repose. ^ 

^^ /"^ is for Graveyard, for Ghost and for Gout ; LJ 

^ vJT By the use of the Cordial you keep them all out. ^ 

Hfor the greatest of all blessings, good Health ; ^ 

^_^ Far better than beauty or wisdom and wealth. ||_^ 

Pti "T the poor Invalid racked with disease ; e^ 

^ JL Indigestion deprives him of comfort and ease. bd 

Z^^ Y is for Jaundice, so horribly yellow, ^ 

UU xX Rut Snyder brings joy to the worst jaundiced fellow. ^^\ 

I T^ is for Kidney and Kidney Disease ; Vj 

Ft] XV. Take "Snyder" in liberal dose if you please. L^ 

. "1 T is your LiVER. Whate'er your position, H 

r I J-U Snyder's Cordial will keep it in splendid condition. 

HTi yi is your Money. Don't throw it away, vJ 

^^ JLVL But buy Snyder's Cordial. One dollar to pay. r^ 

^ TVT for Neuralgia, Nerves stinging with pain; ^ 

Ph JL » After taking the Cordial don't suffer again. 1^ 

-a /^ for Old Fogy, who'd rather be ill rn 

rH \J Than be cured, unless cured by an old-fashioned pill. 

W T3 is for Pleasure you feel when you tell [tJ 

PL| X"^ Your relations and neighbors how soon you got well. J— ^ 

-3 /^ is one Quart — to cure you enough. ^n 

Ph S^ The doctors would say it in Latin, "Quant, suff.'" jH 

^ "D for Rheumatics, a horrible bore, h[J 

■ "I X\ just take Snyder's Cordial and suffer no more. Cj 

■ "1 O is the Stomach you prize as your own, l__j 
p^ "^ And Snyder, whose Cordial can keep it in tone. r 
^ np is for Tonic, safe, simple and sure, 1^ 
W X Compounded of remedies healthful and pure. 

H U 



But the Cordial has cured him of all of his ills. 



for old Uncle, who used to have Chills, O 



O 



^ "T r for Vexation dyspeptic folks had ; M 

P) V Thev took Snyder's Cordial, and now they are glad. <^ 



H 



Wfor Worms ot every description ; y 

Take Snyder's great Cordial, the proper prescription. ^ 

■ ~) "XT' for the 'Xcellent ingredients we take 

t; A^ When Snyder's great Cordial we carefully make. 

^ -^T- the Young Man who looked skinny and poor; 

O y Snyder's Cordial has made him robust, to be sure. 

Zis the zeal which the public display 
To buy SNYDER'S CORDLA.L— one dollar to pay. 

H. G. LEISENRING & CO., 

SOI-E I»ROI»JRIEXORS, 

No. 927 SANSOM STREET; PHILADELPHIA. 



INO. Cf^^ -^ 

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